tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10626927021907929422024-03-13T22:01:56.660+00:00ROMAN CHRISTENDOM“There went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that the whole world should be enrolled. And Joseph went up from Galilee to be enrolled with Mary his espoused wife, who was with child.” (Luke 2:1-5) +++ "Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's..." (Matt 22:21) +++ “Honour all men. Love the brethren. Fear God. Honour the Emperor [Caesar].” (1 Pet 2:17) +++ “Then Paul said: I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged….I appeal to Caesar.” (Acts 25:10-11)Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.comBlogger601125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-40506289390472254632023-04-07T15:55:00.000+01:002023-04-07T15:55:11.351+01:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 28.8px; font-weight: bold;">Good Friday</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px; font-style: italic;">Quid ultra debui facere tibi, et non feci? Ego quidem plantavi te vineam meam speciosissimam: et tu facta es mihi nimis amara: aceto namque sitim meam potasti: et lancea perforasti latus Salvatori tuo.<br /><br />Ego dedi tibi sceptrum regale: et tu dedisti capiti meo spineam coronam.<br /><br />Popule meus, quid feci tibi? Aut in quo contristavi te? Responde mihi!</span></strong><br />
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<strong><em></em><br /></strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px;"><strong>"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!<br /><br />I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…<br /><br />O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"</strong></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJiy_PHPvphvm9Bs-KNlFDAhrsIH3yE-Xhz-C60mrPoUdKz4tURkOlj18wy0G4QvHZAd0msh4qShHe_YMa6RKF3zy-Go4ZmcRKhm7wNGaP7wRgHQ5BHn6597k_iv4zBp50Wd5fB0ZnsBHAg_BBOdVlgc1zm-hNV94d7jRdbnLek8go4pWFgabPolf6Q/s1337/Titian%20-%20Crowning_with_Thorns.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1337" data-original-width="800" height="623" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJiy_PHPvphvm9Bs-KNlFDAhrsIH3yE-Xhz-C60mrPoUdKz4tURkOlj18wy0G4QvHZAd0msh4qShHe_YMa6RKF3zy-Go4ZmcRKhm7wNGaP7wRgHQ5BHn6597k_iv4zBp50Wd5fB0ZnsBHAg_BBOdVlgc1zm-hNV94d7jRdbnLek8go4pWFgabPolf6Q/w387-h623/Titian%20-%20Crowning_with_Thorns.jpg" width="387" /></a></div><br />Titian. <em>Christ Crowned with Thorns</em>. 1540.</span></div>
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"For he hath taken us and he will heal us: he will strike and he will cure us. He will revive after two days: on the third day he will raise us up and we shall live in his sight. We shall know and we shall follow on, that we know the Lord...for I desired mercy and not animal sacrifice and the knowledge of God more than holocausts."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Hosea 6</em>, First lesson sung at the Good Friday Service of the Mass of the Pre-sanctified]</span></div>
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"He had no form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the whole chastisement that made us whole and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter and like a sheep that is dumb before its shearers, he opened not his mouth."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Isaiah 53</em>, Epistle for Wednesday in Holy Week]</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbDpaTTLstd3cyxKKH4_tKz-p1sgWMWKi6EUBXld8Gws7jnHWPtzjNz1fmL84s3I2mpeiTC9HDCNK6NJ8RuUiMK9JC1zaUsVOFHHObk94pUrWiZvrtf30epMP1exBHDERhNgJD2eQqONdLiFQco1pXd8T2QdioIh1yiLDFTolGnLVvEAsEAtgRTVx3A/s1572/Tiziano_Vecelli%20-%20Ecce_Homo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1572" data-original-width="1200" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbDpaTTLstd3cyxKKH4_tKz-p1sgWMWKi6EUBXld8Gws7jnHWPtzjNz1fmL84s3I2mpeiTC9HDCNK6NJ8RuUiMK9JC1zaUsVOFHHObk94pUrWiZvrtf30epMP1exBHDERhNgJD2eQqONdLiFQco1pXd8T2QdioIh1yiLDFTolGnLVvEAsEAtgRTVx3A/w343-h450/Tiziano_Vecelli%20-%20Ecce_Homo.jpg" width="343" /></a></div><br />Titian. <span style="font-style: italic;">Ecce Homo</span>. 1560.</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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"Jesus answered: ‘My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would certainly strive that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now my kingdom is not from hence’. Pilate therefore said to Him ‘Art Thou a King then?’ Jesus answered ‘Thou sayest that I am a King. For this I was born and for this I came into the world, that I should give testimony of the truth. Everyone that is of the truth heareth My voice…<br />
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…Then therefore Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him and the soldiers plaiting a Crown of Thorns, put it upon His head and they put upon Him a purple mantle and they came to Him and said ‘Hail King of the Jews!’ and they gave Him blows."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[John 18]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>CRUX
fidelis,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>inter
omnes<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>arbor
una nobilis;<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>nulla
talem silva profert,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>flore,
fronde, germine.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Dulce
lignum, dulci clavo,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>dulce
pondus sustinens!</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">"FAITHFUL
Cross! Above all other,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">one
and only noble Tree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">None
in foliage, none in blossom,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">none
in fruit thy peers may be;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">sweetest
wood and sweetest iron!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sweetest
Weight is hung on thee!"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">From <i>Crux Fidelis</i> by St Thomas
Aquinas, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">]<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Regnavit a ligno Deus.</span></div>
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"God hath reigned from a tree."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"></span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[From <em>Vexilla Regis</em>, St Venantius Fortunatus, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!</div>
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… For thy sake I scourged Egypt with its first-born and thou didst deliver Me up to be scourged…</div>
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… I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…</div>
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… I exalted thee with great strength and thou didst hang Me on the gibbet of the Cross…</div>
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O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Improperia</span> or Reproaches of Christ to His people and to us all, from the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">O vos omnes, qui transitis per viam, attendite et videte si est dolor sicut dolor meus.</span></div>
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"O all ye that pass by the way, attend and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em>, sung at <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins and Lauds) on Maundy Thursday]</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 556px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 364px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Diego Velázquez. <em>Christ Crucified</em>. c. 1632.</span></div>
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"And they took Jesus and led Him forth. And bearing His cross, He went forth to that place that is called Calvary but in Hebrew Golgotha, where they crucified Him and with Him two others, one on each side and Jesus in the midst. And Pilate wrote a title also and he put it upon the Cross and the writing was ‘Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews’… and it was written in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hebrew</span>, in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Greek</span>, and in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Latin</span>."</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><span style="font-size: 11.56px;">[<em>John 18</em>]</span></span></div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-36307225391086080362023-04-07T15:45:00.004+01:002023-04-07T15:46:28.011+01:00MAUNDY THURSDAY - "A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you...."<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Maundy Thursday</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret. <em>The Last Supper</em>. 1896.</td></tr>
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"And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 'This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first in the months of the year...on the tenth day of this month let every man take a lamb by their families and houses... and it shall be a lamb WITHOUT BLEMISH, a male, of one year...and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month and the whole multitude of the children of Israel shall sacrifice it in the evening. And they shall take of the blood thereof and put it upon both the side posts and on the upper door posts of the houses wherein they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh that night roasted at the fire and unleavened bread with wild lettuce... neither shall there remain any thing of it until morning. If there be anything left you shall burn it with fire. And thus shall you eat it: you shall gird your reins and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands and you shall eat in haste for it is the Phase (that is the Passage) of the Lord... And I shall see the blood and shall pass over you...and this day shall be for a memorial to you and you shall keep it a feast to the Lord in your generations with an everlasting observance'... And Moses said... 'Thou shalt keep this thing as a law for thee and thy children forever...and when your children shall say to you "What is the meaning of this service" you shall say to them "It is the victim of the passage of the Lord when He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians and saving our houses..."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Exod 12</em>]</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" style="display: block; height: 280px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 448px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Paschal lamb without blemish is tied and led to slaughter</span><br />Scripture fittingly depicts the Christ as an innocent lamb led to the slaughter - the innocent "Lamb of God" sacrificed for the wicked sins of ungrateful and rebellious men, going dumb, innocent and in silence to torture and death at the hands of sinful men</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></td></tr>
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"Now the feast of the unleavened bread which is called the Pasch was at hand...and when the hour was come He sat down and the twelve apostles with Him and He said to them 'With desire I have desired to eat this Pasch with you before I suffer, for I say to you that from this time I will not eat it till it be fulfilled in the Kingdom of God'... And taking bread He gave thanks, and brake and gave them saying 'This is my body which is given up for you. Do this for a commemoration of me'. In like manner the chalice also, after He had supped, saying 'This is the chalice, the new testament in my blood, which shall be shed for you'.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22</em>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">"On the night of that last supper,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Seated with His chosen band,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">He the paschal victim eating,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">First fulfils the Law's command.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Then as food to all His brethren</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Gives Himself with His own hand"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Pange lingua gloriosi</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
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"Before the festival day of the Pasch, Jesus knowing that His hour was come...having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them unto the end. And when supper was ended... He riseth from supper and..having taken a towel, girded Himself. After that, He putteth water into a basin and began to wash the feet of the disciples and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded...Then after He had washed their feet and taken His garments, being set down again, He said to them 'Know you what I have done to you? You call me Master and Lord. And you say well; for so I am. If then I being your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13</em>]</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dirk van Baburen. <em>Christ washing the Disciples' feet</em>. 1616.</td></tr>
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<em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em><br />
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"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13:34</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
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<em>Ubi caritas et amor ubi Deus est. Congregavit nos in unum Christi amor. Exultemus et in ipso jucundemur. Timeamus et amemus Deum vivum. Et ex corde diligamus nos sincero.</em><br />
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"Where charity and love are there is God. The love of Christ has gathered us together. Let us rejoice in Him and be glad. Let us fear and love the living God and let us love one another with a sincere heart."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 2:3-4</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span><br />
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"And going out He went, according to His custom, to the Mount of Olives and His disciples also followed Him... and kneeling down He prayed saying 'Father, if Thou wilt, remove this chalice from me but not yet my will but Thine be done'...And He being in agony, He prayed the longer and His sweat became as drops of blood trickling down upon the ground."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22:39-44</em>]</span></div>
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ALEPH: How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow! She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em> 1:1, the beginning of <em>Tenebrae</em> (Matins & Lau) for Maundy Thursday]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" width="473" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow!" </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gustave Doré. <em>Lamentations</em>.1866</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Una hora non potuistis vigilare mecum, qui exhortabamini mori pro me?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Quid dormitis? Surgite et orate, ne intretis in tentationem.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
"Could you not watch one hour with me,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
After exhorting one another to die for Me?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Or do you not see Judas?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
He is not sleeping,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
but is hurrying to betray me.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Why do you sleep?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Rise and pray,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
that you may not enter into temptation!"</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Maundy Thursday Matins (<span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span>), Lesson viii Response]</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 500px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 375px;" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bartolome Esteban Murillo (1617-82). <span style="font-style: italic;">Christ in the Garden of Olives</span>.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;">+<span style="font-size: 180%;">+</span>+</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-78835284524073535612023-04-07T15:44:00.000+01:002023-04-07T15:44:03.637+01:00SPY WEDNESDAY - "thirty pieces of silver"<div align="center">
<span style="font-size: 20.8px;"><strong>"Then went one of the twelve who was called Judas Iscariot to the chief priests and said to them 'what will you give me to deliver Him unto you?'. And they appointed him thirty pieces of silver..."</strong></span></div>
<div align="center">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 20.8px;"></span></div>
<div align="left">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg/330px-The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="330" height="248" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg/330px-The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Caravaggio. <i>The Taking of Christ</i>. 1602.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div align="left">
<em><strong>Unus ex discipulis meus tradet ne hodie: Vae illi per quem tradar ego. Melius illi erat si natur non fuisset...Qui intingit mecum manum in paropside, hic me traditurus est in manus peccatorum.</strong></em></div>
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</div>
<div align="left">
"One of my disciples shall today betray me. Woe to him by whom I am betrayed. Better for him that he had not been born...whoever shall dip his hand with me into the dish, by him shall I be betrayed into the hands of sin."</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Matt 16:23-25, Responsory 6 at Tenebrae on Maundy Thursday]</em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ox2dZHvl-7M" width="420"></iframe><br />
<em></em><br /></div>
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<br />
<em></em><br /></div>
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<em></em>"Then went one of the twelve who was called Judas Iscariot to the chief priests and said to them "what will you give me to deliver Him unto you?". And they appointed him thirty pieces of silver and from thenceforth he sought opportunity to betray Him."</div>
<div align="left">
<em>[Matt 26:14-16]</em></div>
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<br /></div>
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"Thus saith the Lord God 'tell the daughter of Sion, behold Thy Saviour cometh; behold His reward is with Him and His work before Him. Who is this that cometh from Edom with dyed garments from Bosra, this beautiful one in his robe, walking in greatness of strength?'"</div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Isaias 62:63]</em></div>
</div>
<div align="left">
"There is no beauty in Him, nor comeliness; and we have seen Him and there was no sightliness that we should be desirous of Him; despised and the most abject of men, a man of sorrows and despised, whereupon we esteemed Him not. Surely He hath borne our infirmities and carried our sorrows, and we have thought Him as it were a leper and as one struck by God and afflicted. But He was wounded for our iniquities, He was bruised for our sins; the chastisement of our peace was upon Him and by his bruises we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray, everyone hath turned aside into his own way and the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He was offered because it was His own will and he opened not His mouth: He shall be led as a sheep to the slaughter and shall be dumb as a lamb before his shearer, and He shall not open His mouth...He hath done no iniquity, neither was there deceit in His mouth...He hath delivered His soul unto death and was reputed with the wicked and hath borne the sins of many and hath prayed for the transgressors.</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Isaias 53:2]</em></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong>++</strong></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-47787446031174222692023-04-07T15:42:00.002+01:002023-04-07T15:42:45.983+01:00Palm Sunday - Pueri Hebraeorum portantes ramos olivarum...<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em>...Christ, the King of Kings, enters the Holy city of Jerusalem mounted on a donkey, on the first Palm Sunday</em></strong></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></i></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/ZeWFbYfv1UFRHyJRvkl70hUFVPs=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/palmsundaygetty-56a75e805f9b58b7d0e9b59a.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="700" height="488" src="https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/ZeWFbYfv1UFRHyJRvkl70hUFVPs=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/palmsundaygetty-56a75e805f9b58b7d0e9b59a.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></i></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em></em></strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em> ...a</em></strong><strong><em>nd so begins H<span style="font-size: large;">OLY</span> WEEK, the <span style="font-size: large;">holiest week of the year</span></em></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
The great and ancient service on <span style="font-weight: bold;">Palm Sunday</span>
celebrates the entry of <b>our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST</b> into the city of Jerusalem, riding on a
donkey with its young colt or foal, signifying the Old and the New
Testaments, to be welcomed by His people as a <span style="font-weight: bold;">king, a priest, a prophet</span> and a saviour and as the very <span style="font-weight: bold;">Messias</span> and <b>King </b>whom they had been awaiting for centuries but, in a few short days, were to reject.<br />
<br />
<div align="left">
This entry of the humble Christ into the city was foretold and prophesied by the prophet, <span style="font-weight: bold;">Zechariah</span>:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">"Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">See, your king comes to you,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">righteous and having salvation,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">I will take away the chariots from Ephraim</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and the war-horses from Jerusalem,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and the battle bow will be broken.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">He will proclaim peace to the nations.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">His rule will extend from sea to sea</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and from the River to the ends of the earth".</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>Zechariah 9:9-10)</i></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/cf/21/8d/cf218dfc71dc78da15e529a815f668d6.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="800" height="346" src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/cf/21/8d/cf218dfc71dc78da15e529a815f668d6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Pedro de Orrente. </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-style: italic;">Christ's entry into Jerusalem</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">. c.1620</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
The <b>Palm Sunday service</b> is a particularly fine one, albeit lengthy.<br />
<br />
In the pre-1955 rite, which is far superior, more Biblical and very ancient, it takes 3 hours.<br />
<br />
The palms are blessed with many hymns, psalms, chants and prayers, and the people receive them, the choir singing <i>Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum</i>
(the children of Israel carrying olive branches), and there is a
short-form mass at the altar. <br />
<br />
The antiphons recall <strong>Noah and the Flood</strong> and <strong>Moses</strong> leading the children of Israel out of Egypt to the Promised Land.<br />
<br />
After this comes the <b>Procession out of the
Church</b>, singing psalms, and then back to the front portal of the Church
where we sing <i>Gloria, laus et honor, tibi sit, Rex Christe Redemptor - </i>"Glory, praise and honour be to thee, King Christ Redeemer!".<br />
<br />
At the door, <b>two cantors</b> have entered and the doors are shut. They sing in response to the <span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria laus</span>
and then <b>the Subdeacon</b>, outside, knocks on the door with the end of the
processional cross. The doors open, to signify the <strong>entrance of Christ
into Jerusalem</strong> and our entry into Heaven, and the procession moves back
into the church, singing an ancient chant, <i>Ingrediente Domino - </i>"Going in to the Lord..."<br />
<br />
Then the principal mass begins with many haunting and beautiful chants being sung, and then the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Passion according to St Matthew</span> in long form is sung, starting at the anointing of the feet of <span style="font-weight: bold;">Jesus</span> by <span style="font-weight: bold;">St Mary Magdalene</span> in the house of <span style="font-weight: bold;">Simon the Leper</span>.<br />
<br />
This is a fitting way to recall the beginning of <b>the Passion</b> when our Lord was welcomed as a king and prophet into the <span style="font-weight: bold;">holy city of Jerusalem</span> by His people who, only days later, were to betray Him unto their Roman enemies to torture and death.<br />
<br />
Soon many of those same Romans were to be converted whilst many of God's chosen rejected the very <span style="font-weight: bold;">Messias</span> whom they had been awaiting for so long.<br />
<br />
In
former times, the celebrating priest would, for the procession,<b> sit
upon a donkey</b> to which is attached its colt, as our Lord Himself so sat
on the original <strong>Palm Sunday</strong>.<br />
<br />
It is a remarkable fact
that <strong>every donkey</strong>, of the sort upon which our Lord rode, has, by nature,
marked upon its back, a <b>black cross</b> to signify the fact that, one day,
the Creator of heaven and earth would sit upon the back of this same
animal for His entry into the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Holy City of Jerusalem</span>, but one week before he would be led, in that came city, to death upon the Cross.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/35/57/d4/3557d4586c9f8294fd806f06ca133af6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="599" height="237" src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/35/57/d4/3557d4586c9f8294fd806f06ca133af6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The
black cross is clearly visible upon the back of every donkey so that
nature itself testifies to the role the donkey would play in carrying
the Creator of heaven and earth into the Holy City of Jerusalem on Palm
Sunday.</span></div>
<div align="left">
<br />
In former times, too, the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Roman Emperor</span> would lead the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Patriarch of Jerusalem</span>
on a donkey up to the church door as part of the ceremonies and as a
gesture of humility on his part. Sadly, the tradition later died out.<br />
<br />
This tradition was continued by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Russian Tsars</span>,
also, until the custom was suppressed by the modernising, "enlightened"
and very brutal dictator, <b>Tsar Peter I</b>, just as so much has been
throughtlessly suppressed in our own liturgy in the Latin West.<br />
<br />
It is a fitting imitation of the humility of <span style="font-weight: bold;">JESUS CHRIST</span> for the chief spiritual ruler to ride upon a donkey on this day, led
by the chief temporal ruler.<br />
<br />
Chesterton's poem captures the spirit
admirably.</div>
<div align="left">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">The Donkey</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">by G.K.Chesterton</span><br />
<br />
When fishes flew and forests walked<br />
And figs grew upon thorn,<br />
Some moment when the moon was blood<br />
Then surely I was born.<br />
<br />
With monstrous head and sickening cry<br />
And ears like errant wings,<br />
The devil's walking parody<br />
On all four-footed things.<br />
<br />
The tattered outlaw of the earth,<br />
Of ancient crooked will;<br />
Starve, scourge, deride me: I am dumb,<br />
I keep my secret still.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fools! For I also had my hour;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> One far fierce hour and sweet:</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">There was a shout about my ears,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> And palms before my feet.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
How
admirable, too, for God Himself to have chosen to be received into the
Holy City mounted upon a donkey, a stubborn, ill-featured, irrational
creature, so like man when in sin, but one marked from the beginning of
time to bear the Saviour Himself in solemn procession before the very
sinners whom God has chosen to redeem with His own blood.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Here is a recording of the antiphon <span style="font-style: italic;">Pueri Hebraeorum</span>,
psalms and chants sung during the procession of the cross and palms
(and, traditionally, with the priest sitting upon a donkey).<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9w-z5U1EHZU" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Ant. Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum, obviaverunt Domino, clamantes, et dicentes: Hosanna in excelsis.</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ant. The Hebrew children bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out, and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />Psalm 23 (24)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Domini est terra, et plenitudo eius, * orbis terrarum et universi qui habitant in eo.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quia ipse super maria fundavit eum, * et super flumina praeparavit eum.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite portas, principes vestras: † et elevamini, portae aeternales: * et introibit rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? † Dominus fortis et potens: * Dominus potens in praelio</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite portas, principes vestras: † et elevamini, portae aeternales: * et introibit rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus virtutum ipse est rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Domini est terra et quae replent eam, * orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Nam ipse super maria fundavit eum, * et super flumina firmavit eum.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite, portae, capita vestra, et attolite vos, fores antiquae, * ut ingrediatur rex gloriae!</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus fortis et potens, Dominus potens in praelio.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite, portae, capita vestra, et attolite vos, fores antiquae, * ut ingrediatur rex gloriae!</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus exercituum: ipse est rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof: the world and all they that dwell therein.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />For He hath founded it upon the seas: and hath prepared it upon the rivers.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Lift up your gates, O ye princes, and be ye lifted up, O eternal gates: and the King of Glory shall enter in.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Who is this King of Glory? The Lord who is strong and mighty: the Lord mighty in battle.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Lift up your gates, O ye princes, and be ye lifted up, O eternal gates: and the King of Glory shall enter in.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Who is this King of Glory? The Lord of hosts, he is the King of Glory.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Glory
be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. As it was in
the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Ant. Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum, obviaverunt Domino, clamantes, et dicentes: Hosanna in excelsis.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ant. The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out, and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">+<span style="font-size: 180%;">+</span>+</span></div>
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</div>
Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-23807699090375830392023-03-21T14:36:00.011+00:002023-04-03T10:37:10.712+01:00EASTER TRIDUUM 2023 - despite restrictions, it continues...<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Cristo_crucificado.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="536" height="800" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Cristo_crucificado.jpg" width="536" /></a></div><p style="margin: 0cm;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif"><b><i>Despite
restrictions, the Sacred Triduum in the Old Rite continues...</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif"><br /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm;"><span class="street-address"><b><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">St Mary Moorfields</span></span></b></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
<span class="extended-address"><span style="background: white;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Eldon Street</span></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
<span class="locality"><span style="background: white;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">London</span></span></span><span style="background: white;">, <span class="postal-code"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">EC2M
7LS</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm;"><span class="postal-code"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">England</span></b></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br />
<span class="country-name"><span style="background: white;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">United
Kingdom</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">6 APRIL 2023 - MAUNDY THURSDAY 7.30pm</span></b></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Ordinary
Mass for Four Voices Byrd<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Mandatum Chant<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Offertory O sacrum convivium Byrd <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Communion Psalms - chant
<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Procession Pange
lingua Chant/Palestrina<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">7 APRIL 2023 - GOOD FRIDAY 6pm</span></b></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Responsories Chant/falsobordone<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
St John Passion Soriano<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Improperia Victoria<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Crux fidelis King John of Portugal<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Communion Caligaverunt - Victoria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;">8 APRIL 2023 - HOLY SATURDAY 6pm</span></b></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Canticles
Chant<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Sicut cervus Palestrina<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Ordinary Missa brevis A. Gabrieli<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Offertory Salve festa die Chant<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Communion O filii et
filiae Chant<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Lauds
Psalm
Chant/Falsobordone<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
Benedictus
Chant/Viadana<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /> </span></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">St Bedes<br /></span></b><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">58 Thornton Road<br /></span></b><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">London SW12 0LF<br /></span></b><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">England<br /></span></b><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">United Kingdom<br /></span></b><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span></b></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">26 MARCH 2023 -
PASSION SUNDAY 11am<br /></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Mass XVII<br /> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Credo II<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Motets - Passiontide
Hymns<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Domine salvam Tonus
Regalis<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Ave Regina</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">2 APRIL 2023 - PALM
SUNDAY 10.45am<br /></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Pueri Hebraeorum 1,
Palestrina new<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Pueri Hebraeorum 2,
Victoria new</span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Mass XVII<br /> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Victoria: St.
Matthew Passion<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Credo II<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Offertory Motet<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Communion<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Domine salvam Tonus
Regalis<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Ave Regina
Caelorum, De la Rue</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><b style="font-size: medium;">5 APRIL 2023 - SPY WEDNESDAY</b><span style="font-size: medium;"> - </span><i style="font-size: medium;"><b>Tenebrae</b> </i><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>7-9pm</b></span><br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">6 APRIL 2023 - MAUNDY
THURSDAY 5.30pm<br /></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Byrd 3 part Mass<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Christus Factus
est, Anerio<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Dextera Domini
(Offertory)<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Ave Verum, Byrd<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Tantum ergo,
Palestrina<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">7 APRIL 2023 - GOOD
FRIDAY 10.30am<i><br /></i></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Victoria: St.
Matthew Passion<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">O caput cruentatum,
Hassler / Bach and Sorrowful mysteries Hymn<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">We will have two
sets of Cantors,<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Greek and Latin Cantors,
Greek and Latin Choir<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>8pm</b> <b>Stations of the Cross</b> followed by </span><i style="font-size: medium;"><b>Tenebrae</b> </i><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>8.30-10.30pm</b></span><br /><br /></o:p></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">8 APRIL 2023 - HOLY
SATURDAY 3pm<i><br /></i></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">All Prophecies<br /> </span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Cantors for the
Tracts,<br /></span><i><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Sicut Cervus<br /></span></i><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Cantors for the Propers<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">O quam Gloriosum
Mass, Palestrina<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Offertory, Christus
Resurgens<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Regina Caeli, Witt
or Lehmann<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">9 APRIL 2023 - EASTER
SUNDAY - Sung Mass 11am<br /></span></b><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">O quam Gloriosum
Mass<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Domine salvum (2nd
version)<br /></span><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">2 Cantors for the
Propers</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><b>Low Mass</b> - 12.30pm</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi29ol9Ff8t37tlQQUsQ8v0quMVASh0EtmXd9LlSybKVsHK-NkTvH3AzD4pO7AmUE5joGlA0LVgx2ou4oA9UYYShEWplCXEmw8gEwpL-vacuP61zcXv4maw7Ir23Vl9kGePdxGcdQwBjDHbd-lVIc2rqn6kgHU1Glky_NIFvgIPmWskvfBlzsLq7QMH0Q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1130" height="890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi29ol9Ff8t37tlQQUsQ8v0quMVASh0EtmXd9LlSybKVsHK-NkTvH3AzD4pO7AmUE5joGlA0LVgx2ou4oA9UYYShEWplCXEmw8gEwpL-vacuP61zcXv4maw7Ir23Vl9kGePdxGcdQwBjDHbd-lVIc2rqn6kgHU1Glky_NIFvgIPmWskvfBlzsLq7QMH0Q=w630-h890" width="630" /></a></div></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: medium;">Soli Deo gloria...</span></i></b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></i></b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans", sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">To the one only God be the glory...</span></b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><b>~~~~~ " ~~~~~</b></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span face=""Open Sans",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<p></p>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-298573587982922732022-07-01T17:16:00.000+01:002022-07-01T17:16:40.557+01:001st July - the Feast of the Precious Blood and the first day of the Battle of the Somme....<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Feast of the Precious Blood of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ...</span></i></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The <b>Precious Blood of Christ</b> was
poured out for our salvation in expiation of our sins<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Devotion to the Precious Blood of
Jesus Christ, our Saviour and Lord God, existed from the time of the <b>Passion of
our Lord</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Cristo_crucificado.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="536" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Cristo_crucificado.jpg" width="214" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In Catholic belief, the <b>Blood of
Christ</b> is precious because it is Christ’s own great ransom paid for the
redemption of mankind. As there was to be no remission of sin without the
shedding of the blood of the Lamb of God, Christ the “Incarnate Word” not only
offered his life for the salvation of the world, but he offered to give up his
life by a bloody death, and to die upon the Cross for the salvation of mankind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The modern Feast of the Precious
Blood, celebrated in Spain in the 16th century, was later introduced to Italy
by <b>Saint Gaspar del Bufalo</b> in the 19th century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/be/f5/1e/bef51e3394c4269b22cbdde668561f2f.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="236" height="320" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/be/f5/1e/bef51e3394c4269b22cbdde668561f2f.jpg" width="224" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In 1848-9, the red revolutionaries
staged an uprising and takeover in Papal Rome, led by the very people whom the
Pope had released from prison upon his elevation to the Pontificate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Blessed Pope Pius IX</b> had granted a
parliamentary constitution to the Papal States, released political prisoners
and ordered the gates of the Roman Jewish ghetto to be demolished (which the
orthodox Jews later complained about because orthodox Jews prefer to enclose
themselves in a ghetto every Friday <i>shabbat</i>).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IX._Piusz_p%C3%A1pa.jpg/220px-IX._Piusz_p%C3%A1pa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="220" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IX._Piusz_p%C3%A1pa.jpg/220px-IX._Piusz_p%C3%A1pa.jpg" width="194" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">Blessed Pope Pius IX</span></td></tr>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For these liberal gestures, the
revolutionaries did not thank the Pope…they seized the opportunity to attack
him all the more, shameless hypocrites that they were.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On 15 November 1848, on his way to
open the new Parliament of the Pontifical States (the <i>Cancelleria</i> now occupied
by the Roman <i>Rota</i> and the Roman <i>Signatura</i>), <b>Count Pellegrino Rossi</b>, the Pope’s
new liberal-minded Prime Minister, after opening the gates with his key was
surrounded by a revolutionary mob and stabbed to death.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rossi_bridi.jpg/220px-Rossi_bridi.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="220" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rossi_bridi.jpg/220px-Rossi_bridi.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">Count Pellegrino Rossi, </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">papal Prime Minister murdered by red revolutionaries in cold blood...</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The stabber was </span><b>Angelo Brunetti</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, known
as “</span><b>Ciceruacchio</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">” a brutal revolutionary thug and fanatical Italian nationalist
who supported other nationalist fanatics like </span><b>Giuseppe Garibaldi</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, repudiating
Catholicism for the proto-Fascism of </span><b>Giuseppe Mazzini</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">. Brunetti brutally murdered Count Rossi in cold blood on the steps of the <i>Cancelleria</i>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Brunetti who, like most Italian
nationalists, hated Catholic Austria that ruled northern Italy, was captured by Austrian police trying to commit more terrorist acts and was justly tried,
convicted and shot.</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">During the Roman revolution, the
Pope’s personal prelate was shot by revolutionaries whilst walking in the
gallery of the papal Palazzo. The Palazzo was surrounded by fanatical
revolutionaries and the Pope barely escaped with his life out of the back door
disguised as a simple priest standing on the back of a carriage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Blessed Pope Pius IX went into exile
at <b>Gaeta</b> in the <b>Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</b>.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A <b>Roman Republic </b>was declared in
February 1849. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">The Pope responded from his exile by excommunicating all active
participants. </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">The Republic was openly hostile to the Catholic Church, celebrating
Good Friday with huge fireworks on Saint Peter's Plaza and desecrating Saint
Peter's Basilica on Easter Sunday with a secular Republican victory
celebration.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The public finances were spent
liberally leading to an early financial disaster; palaces, convents and
churches were plundered for valuables and art work. In addition to the official
pillaging, private gangs roamed through the city and the countryside,
murdering, raping and stealing and spreading fear among the citizens of the
Papal States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">They were, as usual, a disgusting gang
of murderous thugs of the sort that prevailed in France during the French
revolution and fit only for the lower reaches of Hellfire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As Blessed Pope Pius IX went into
exile he had as his companion <b>Father Giovanni Merlini</b>, third superior general
of the <b>Fathers of the Most Precious Blood</b>.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MMcjlMgxbWM/UDG89MAELQI/AAAAAAAAAOc/ilMKE4riY7w/s1600/pius+ix+escape.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MMcjlMgxbWM/UDG89MAELQI/AAAAAAAAAOc/ilMKE4riY7w/s400/pius+ix+escape.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">Blessed Pope Pius IX, </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">disguised as a simple priest, escapes the murderous Italian nationalist revolutionaries by fleeing from the back of the papal palace to a coach which takes him into exile to Gaeta in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies... </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">After they had arrived at Gaeta, Don Giovanni Merlini suggested that His Holiness make a vow to extend the feast of the
Precious Blood to the entire Church, if he would again recover possession of
the Papal States. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On 30 June 1849, the day the French
army conquered Rome and sent the fanatics of the red revolution packing, the
Pope sent his domestic prelate, <b>Joseph Stella</b>, to Father Merlini with the
message: </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“The Pope does not deem it expedient to bind himself by a vow; instead
his Holiness is pleased to extend the feast [of the Precious Blood] immediately
to all Christendom”.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On 10 August of the same year, he
officially included the feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus
Christ in the General Roman Calendar for celebration on the first Sunday in
July, the first Sunday after 30 June, the anniversary of the liberation of the
city of Rome from the insurgents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Later,<b> Pope St Pius X </b>moved the feast
to 1 July.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://mundabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/piusx.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="319" height="320" src="https://mundabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/piusx.jpg" width="255" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">Pope St Pius X who tried to prevent the Great War from breaking out...</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In Blessed Pope John XXIII's 1960
revision of the General Roman Calendar, the feast was classified as of the
first class.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shamefully and disgracefully, the
feast was removed from the General Roman Calendar in 1969, by order of <b>Pope
Paul VI</b>.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="font-style: italic;">The Battle of the Somme – the precious
blood of innocent young men is poured out on the battlefield for the sins of faithless old men...</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The very same fanatical
revolutionaries and secularists who had sought to topple the Pope, later
succeeded in 1870 and Blessed Pope Pius IX became a prisoner of the <b>Vatican </b>(to which palace
he had moved from the <b>Quirinal</b>, as being safer).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A conspiracy of secularists all over
Europe was now bent upon destroying Christian monarchy altogether and replacing
it with secular republicanism, modelled upon revolutionary France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This conspiracy, often led by
Freemasons and other sectaries, led directly to World War I in which the
revolutionaries hoped to see Christian monarchy swept away forever.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Only <b>Pope Benedict XV </b>and the young <b>Austrian
Emperor, Blessed Charles I,</b> (who came to the Austrian throne in November 1916) were
striving for peace and an end to the brutal war.</span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">They did not succeed.</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On 1 July 1916, the British army
launched its planned offensive near the <b>Somme</b> river to coincide with a similar
French offensive, further south.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Going_over_the_top_01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="800" height="232" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Going_over_the_top_01.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">It was believed that a massive
artillery bombardment would obliterate the German opposition and the infantry,
followed later by cavalry, would be able simply to walk over no-man’s-land,
into the German trenches leading to the war’s end.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The generals could not have been more
wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Germans had built deep dugouts and
were able to survive the terrible shelling. They quickly came out of their
dugouts with their machine guns intact and re-mounted them ready to defend
their positions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The advancing British and Empire
troops were massacred in huge numbers, covering the battlefield in the precious
blood of young men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The first day on the Somme was, in
terms of casualties, <b>the worst day in the history of the British army</b>, which
suffered 57,470 casualties, of which nearly 20,000 died. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/news/2016/06/28/101913897.somme-news_1-small_trans_NvBQzQNjv4Bqx9U5Y90jTtz1n8G9lx71dcgNPBvqLH4LOvtETVmazjc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="320" src="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/news/2016/06/28/101913897.somme-news_1-small_trans_NvBQzQNjv4Bqx9U5Y90jTtz1n8G9lx71dcgNPBvqLH4LOvtETVmazjc.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">These casualties occurred mainly on
the front between the Albert–Bapaume road and Gommecourt, where the attack was
defeated and few British troops reached the German front line. </span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The road to Bapaume was defended largely by Australian troops, many of them Catholics, and they were slaughtered horribly, hallowing the earth of France with the precious blood of young men in the first bloom of adult life. </span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A memorial to the fallen Australians stands today, at Villers-Brettoneaux, high on a hill overlooking the Somme river, a name now so redolent with the loss of precious young blood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">One writer has opined that, even a
century later:</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“‘the Somme' remains the most harrowing place-name” </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">in the
history of the British Empire and Commonwealth.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/AEF2/production/_90168744_39601caf-9efc-42f4-b5ff-26e5611654b7.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="371" data-original-width="660" height="179" src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/AEF2/production/_90168744_39601caf-9efc-42f4-b5ff-26e5611654b7.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">Millions of women learned by cold telegram of the death of their husbands, sweethearts, brothers and sons killed in that most brutal war that deprived so many women of future husbands and families and the nation of its best young men...</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">The battle was largely in vain since
any ground gained was later re-taken by the Germans.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><b>The first day of Battle of the Somme</b> is a paradigm for the whole war: a war engineered by sour, old men, Freemasons and secularists by and large,
seeking the end of Christian monarchy and not caring how many young men they
killed in the process.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">These young men thought they were
fighting for justice and died fighting heroically, and innocently for the most
part, spilling their precious blood as the price for a world saturated by sin,
unbelief, cynicism and evil.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/07/28/1406583304721_wps_2_FILE_PHOTO_Today_marks_th.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="800" height="248" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/07/28/1406583304721_wps_2_FILE_PHOTO_Today_marks_th.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">All over the battlefields of France in
that war were left the shattered remains of bodies amidst smashed churches and
broken crucifixes symbolising a kind of renewed crucifixion of Christ, a holy
sacrifice shared by millions of innocent young men who were slaughtered on the
battlefields and who gave up the precious blood of their young lives in a kind
of expiation for the faithless sins of the generation of old men and
politicians who were content to send them out to die in a war that should never
have been.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;">Battlefield graveyard and cemetery of the First World War in France...</span></td></tr>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">It was a war that wrecked the remnants of <b>Christendom</b> and opened the way
for the horrors of <b>Communism</b> and <b>Nazism</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Let us then pray for the millions who
died in that most awful of wars and re</span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">member
the pleas of our Lady who came to the world, in the midst of that terrible war, at Fatima, to warn us of the consequences of sin and faithlessness.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And let us pray for the millions of
innocent young men who died in that terrible war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Eternal rest grant unto them O Lord,
and let perpetual light shine upon them....</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i>Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine, et
lux perpetua luceat eis....</i></b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i>At a Calvary near the Ancre</i></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">by Wilfred Owen</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">One ever
hangs where shelled roads part. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In this war
He too lost a limb, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But His
disciples hide apart; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And now the
Soldiers bear with Him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Near Golgotha
strolls many a priest, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And in their
faces there is pride <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That they
were flesh-marked by the Beast <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">By whom the
gentle Christ's denied <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The scribes
on all the people shove <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And bawl
allegiance to the state, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But they who
love the greater love <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lay down
their life; they do not hate.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i>Here dead we lie</i></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">by A E Housman<span style="text-align: center;"> </span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Here dead we lie <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Because we did not choose <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To live and shame the land <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">From which we sprung. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Life, to be sure, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Is nothing much to lose, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But young men think it is, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And we were young. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-50438897081869104582022-04-24T13:34:00.001+01:002022-04-24T13:34:56.407+01:00Quasimodo Sunday - "As newborn babes, alleluia, desire the rational milk without guile..."<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Dominica in Albis Deponendis</span></i></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">(Sunday when the newly baptised finally put off their white garments of Easter)</span><br /><br />also called<br /><br /><i>Quasimodo</i> Sunday<br /><br />or<br /><br />Low Sunday<br /> </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">or</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Close-Pasch</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">and<br /><br />the Feast of Divine Mercy</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Mos%C3%A8_Bianchi_-_Mother_Breastfeeding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="497" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Mos%C3%A8_Bianchi_-_Mother_Breastfeeding.jpg" width="198" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mose Bianchi.<i> Mother Breast-feeding</i>. 1895.</td></tr>
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<b>"<i>Quasimodo geniti infantes, alleluia, rationabile sine dolo lac concupiscite.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia</i>."</b></div>
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<b>"As newborn babes, alleluia, desire the rational milk without guile. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia"</b><span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><b> </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><b>[<i>1 Peter 2:2</i>; Introit for the Mass of Low Sunday]</b></span></div>
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<b>"<i>Deinde dicit Thomae: infer digitum tuum huc et vide manus meas, et affer manum tuam et mitte in latus meum et noli esse incredulus sed fidelis.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Respondit Thomas et dixit ei: Dominus meus et Deus</i> <i>meus!</i>"</b></div>
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<b>"Then He said to Thomas 'Put in thy fingers hither and see my hands and bring hither thy hand and put it into my side and be not faithless but believing'. Thomas answered and said to him 'My Lord and my God!' "</b><b><span style="font-size: 13.6px;"> </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<i>John 20:27-28</i>; Gospel of Low Sunday]</span></b></div>
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"Dearly beloved, laying away all malice and all guile and dissimulations and envies and all detractions <b>as new-born babes desire the rational milk without guile</b>, that thereby you may grow unto salvation, if so be you have tasted that the Lord is sweet...for you are a chosen race, a kingly priesthood, a holy nation, a purchased people that you may declare His virtues who hath called you out of darkness into His marvellous light."</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<i>1 Peter 2:2-3, 9</i>]</span></div>
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"Now when it was late that same day, the first of the week, and the doors were shut, where the disciples were gathered together, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them: Peace be to you. And when he had said this, he shewed them his hands and his side. The disciples therefore were glad, when they saw the Lord. He said therefore to them again: Peace be to you. As the Father hath sent me, I also send you. When he had said this, he breathed on them; and he said to them: Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained. Now Thomas, one of the twelve, who is called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said to him: We have seen the Lord. But he said to them: Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the place of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe. And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them. Jesus cometh, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said: Peace be to you. Then he saith to Thomas: Put in thy finger hither, and see my hands; and bring hither thy hand, and put it into my side; and be not faithless, but believing. Thomas answered, and said to him: My Lord, and my God. Jesus saith to him: Because thou hast seen me, Thomas, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and have believed."</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<i>John 20:19-29</i>]</span></div>
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"In the Old Covenant I sent prophets wielding thunderbolts to My people. Today I am sending you with My mercy to the people of the whole world. I do not want to punish aching mankind, but I desire to heal it, pressing it to My Merciful Heart. (1588)</div>
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It's a sign for the end times; after it will come the day of justice. While there is still time, let them have recourse to the fount of My mercy; let them profit from the Blood and Water which gushed forth for them. (848)</div>
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Before I come as a just Judge, I first open wide the doors of My mercy. He who refuses to pass through the doors of My mercy must pass through the doors of My justice... (1146)"</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<i>Diary of Divine Mercy</i>, Revelation of our Lord to St Maria Faustina (Kowalska) of the Blessed Sacrament]</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">St Faustina Kowalska, messenger of Divine Mercy</span></td></tr>
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"<i>Sanctus Deus, Sanctus Fortis, Sanctus Immortalis, miserere nobis</i>" [Latin]</div>
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"<i>Hagios Theos, hagios ischyros, hagios athanatos, eleison imas</i>" [Greek]</div>
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"<i>Elohim hakadosh, Elohim hakol yakhol, rakhem aleinu, veal kol haolam</i>" [Hebrew]</div>
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"Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal One, have mercy on us"</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[The ancient prayer of the <i>Trisagion</i> from the <i>Improperia</i> or "Reproaches" of the Good Friday liturgy in Latin, Greek, Aramaic and English, dating back to at least the 5th century. They form part of the Divine Mercy prayers requested of St Faustina by our Lord.]</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"Feed my sheep".<br />Rafaello Sanzio. <span style="font-style: italic;">The gift of the keys to Peter</span>.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://stchrysostoms.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/duccio_di_buoninsegna_017-medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://stchrysostoms.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/duccio_di_buoninsegna_017-medium.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Buoninsegna. <em>Christ appears to the Disciples</em>. 1308-11.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Our Lord appeared first to St Mary Magdalene and then the women at the tomb (<em>Luke 24:1-10</em>).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Later on the Day of Resurrection, Sunday, the first day of the week, he appeared to the disciples on the road to Emmaus (<em>Luke 24:13-35</em>) and then he appeared again to them in a closed room in Jerusalem and gave them the power, as priests, to forgive sins (<em>Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25</em>)<em>.</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">8 (Jewish) days later (Jewish and Roman days start at sundown), on the following Sunday, he appeared to them again and cured the doubts of St Thomas the Doubter (<em>John 20:26-29</em>)<em>.</em></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">He then appeared to them a 3rd time, by the sea of Tiberias, when there was a miraculous draught of fish and he heard St Peter's confession for denying him 3 times (<em>John 21:1-23</em>).</span></div>
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<a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55fd9785e4b05d951e51dfd7/t/55fdd480e4b049b6f6c4252a/1442781351699/Doubting+Thomas.jpg?format=1500w" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55fd9785e4b05d951e51dfd7/t/55fdd480e4b049b6f6c4252a/1442781351699/Doubting+Thomas.jpg?format=1500w" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Caravaggio. <em>Doubting Thomas</em>. 1602-1603.<br />
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-80364255234155818182022-04-16T21:32:00.004+01:002022-04-16T21:33:05.743+01:00HAPPY EASTER - "I have seen the Lord!"<div align="center">
<strong><span style="font-size: 28.8px;">Happy Easter to all!</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 20.8px;">Christus surrexit,<br />sicut dixit,<br />alleluia!<br /><br />Christ is risen<br />as he said!<br />Alleluia!</span></strong></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/correggio-noli-me-tangere.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/correggio-noli-me-tangere.jpg" width="491" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Correggio. <em>Noli me tangere</em>. 1525</span></td></tr>
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"When the sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Salome, bought spices so that they might come and anoint Jesus...and on a sabbath morning they came to the sepulchre after sunrise...and looking up they saw that the stone was rolled back. Alleluia!"<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[Taverner, <em>Dum transisset sabbatum</em> from <em>Mark 16</em>, sung at the Easter Vigil mass of Holy Saturday night]</span></div>
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"The Angels said to her 'Woman, why are you weeping?'. She said to them 'Because they have taken away my Lord and I do not know where they have laid Him'. Saying this she turned round and saw Jesus standing but she did not know that it was Jesus. Supposing Him to be the gardener, she said to Him 'Sir, if you have carried Him away tell me where you have laid Him and I will take Him away'. And Jesus said to her 'Mary'. She turned and said to Him in Hebrew 'Rabboni!'".<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>John 20</em>]</span></div>
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"She went and said to the Disciples 'I have seen the Lord!' "<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>John 20.18</em>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">John Taverner (1490-1545). <span style="font-style: italic;">Dum Transisset Sabbatum</span>. Sung by the Tallis Scholars</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Dum transisset Sabbatum,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Maria Magdalene et Maria Jacobi et Salome</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">emerunt aromata ut venientes ungerent Jesum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Et valde mane una sabbatorum veniunt ad monumentum orto iam sole ut venientes ungerent Jesum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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And when the Sabbath was past,</div>
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Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Salome</div>
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had brought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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And very early in the morning, the first day of the week,</div>
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they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun that they might come and anoint him.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Dum Transisset Sabbatum</span> - taken from the Gospel of St Mark, Ch16]</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/The_Resurrection_by_Carl_Heinrich_Bloch%2C_1881.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="630" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/The_Resurrection_by_Carl_Heinrich_Bloch%2C_1881.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carl Heinrich Bloch. <i>The Resurrection.</i> 1881.</td></tr>
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<strong>Victimae paschali laudes<br />immolent Christiani<br />Agnus redemit oves:<br />Christus innocens Patri<br />Reconciliavit peccatores.<br />Mors et vita duello conflixere mirando,<br />Dux vitae mortuus, regnat vivus.<br />Dic nobis Maria, quid vidisti in via?<br />Sepulcrum Christi viventis,<br />Et gloriam vidi resurgentis:<br />Angelicos testes, sudarium et vestes.<br />Surrexit Christus spes mea:<br />Praecedet vos in Galilaeam.<br />Credendum est magis soli<br />Mariae veraci<br />Quam Judaeorum<br />Turbae fallaci.<br />Scimus Christum surrexisse<br />a mortuis vere:<br />Tu nobis, victor Rex, miserere.<br />Amen. Alleluia.</strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[Wipo of Burgundy, <em>Victimi Paschali Laudes</em>. 1040. Sung on Easter Sunday]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 28.8px;"><strong>Surrexit Christus hodie! Alleluia!</strong><br /><br />Christ is risen today! Alleluia!</span><br />
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<strong>+<span style="font-size: large;">+</span>+</strong><br />
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-24155329906407995982022-04-16T21:29:00.003+01:002022-04-16T21:30:10.137+01:00HOLY SATURDAY - "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, be converted unto the Lord thy God!"<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">When the Lord was buried...</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ni0HbDzGGhU/UAC4MfowrfI/AAAAAAAAKEY/0-fb3copcgQ/s1600/jesus+9.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ni0HbDzGGhU/UAC4MfowrfI/AAAAAAAAKEY/0-fb3copcgQ/s1600/jesus+9.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Remember, Lord, what is come upon us: consider and behold our reproach. Our inheritance is turned unto aliens, our houses to strangers. We are become orphans without a father, our mothers are as widows...our fathers have sinned and are no more and we have borne their iniquities.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae </span>(Matins) of Holy Saturday, prayer of the prophet Jeremiah]</span></div>
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"I am counted among them that go down to the pit. I am become like a man without help free among the dead."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Responsory, <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins) of Holy Saturday]</span></div>
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"For when every commandment of the Law had been read by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of goats and calves and of goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people saying, this is the blood of the Testament which God hath enjoined upon you. The tabernacle also and all the vessels of the ministry in like manner he sprinkled with blood. And almost all things according to the Law are cleansed with blood and without shedding of blood there is no remission."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Heb. ix.</span>]</span></div>
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"When the Lord was buried they sealed the sepulchre rolling a stone before the mouth of the sepulchre and placed soldiers to guard Him."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Responsory, <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins) of Holy Saturday]</span></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-68085703716677091642022-04-15T17:09:00.004+01:002022-04-15T17:10:27.004+01:00GOOD FRIDAY - "O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 28.8px; font-weight: bold;">Good Friday</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px; font-style: italic;">Quid ultra debui facere tibi, et non feci? Ego quidem plantavi te vineam meam speciosissimam: et tu facta es mihi nimis amara: aceto namque sitim meam potasti: et lancea perforasti latus Salvatori tuo.<br /><br />Ego dedi tibi sceptrum regale: et tu dedisti capiti meo spineam coronam.<br /><br />Popule meus, quid feci tibi? Aut in quo contristavi te? Responde mihi!</span></strong><br />
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<strong><em></em><br /></strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px;"><strong>"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!<br /><br />I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…<br /><br />O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"</strong></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.artilim.com/painting/t/tiziano/christ-crowned-with-thorns.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.artilim.com/painting/t/tiziano/christ-crowned-with-thorns.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 500px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 292px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Titian. <em>Christ Crowned with Thorns</em>. 1540.</span></div>
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"For he hath taken us and he will heal us: he will strike and he will cure us. He will revive after two days: on the third day he will raise us up and we shall live in his sight. We shall know and we shall follow on, that we know the Lord...for I desired mercy and not animal sacrifice and the knowledge of God more than holocausts."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Hosea 6</em>, First lesson sung at the Good Friday Service of the Mass of the Pre-sanctified]</span></div>
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"He had no form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the whole chastisement that made us whole and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter and like a sheep that is dumb before its shearers, he opened not his mouth."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Isaiah 53</em>, Epistle for Wednesday in Holy Week]</span></div>
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<a href="http://uploads0.wikipaintings.org/images/titian/ecce-homo-1560.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://uploads0.wikipaintings.org/images/titian/ecce-homo-1560.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 526px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 405px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Titian. <span style="font-style: italic;">Ecce Homo</span>. 1560.</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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"Jesus answered: ‘My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would certainly strive that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now my kingdom is not from hence’. Pilate therefore said to Him ‘Art Thou a King then?’ Jesus answered ‘Thou sayest that I am a King. For this I was born and for this I came into the world, that I should give testimony of the truth. Everyone that is of the truth heareth My voice…<br />
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…Then therefore Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him and the soldiers plaiting a Crown of Thorns, put it upon His head and they put upon Him a purple mantle and they came to Him and said ‘Hail King of the Jews!’ and they gave Him blows."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[John 18]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>CRUX
fidelis,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>inter
omnes<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>arbor
una nobilis;<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>nulla
talem silva profert,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>flore,
fronde, germine.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Dulce
lignum, dulci clavo,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>dulce
pondus sustinens!</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">"FAITHFUL
Cross! Above all other,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">one
and only noble Tree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">None
in foliage, none in blossom,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">none
in fruit thy peers may be;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">sweetest
wood and sweetest iron!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sweetest
Weight is hung on thee!"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">From <i>Crux Fidelis</i> by St Thomas
Aquinas, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">]<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-style: italic;">Regnavit a ligno Deus.</span></div>
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"God hath reigned from a tree."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"></span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[From <em>Vexilla Regis</em>, St Venantius Fortunatus, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!</div>
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… For thy sake I scourged Egypt with its first-born and thou didst deliver Me up to be scourged…</div>
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… I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…</div>
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… I exalted thee with great strength and thou didst hang Me on the gibbet of the Cross…</div>
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O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Improperia</span> or Reproaches of Christ to His people and to us all, from the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">O vos omnes, qui transitis per viam, attendite et videte si est dolor sicut dolor meus.</span></div>
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"O all ye that pass by the way, attend and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em>, sung at <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins and Lauds) on Maundy Thursday]</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 556px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 364px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Diego Velázquez. <em>Christ Crucified</em>. c. 1632.</span></div>
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"And they took Jesus and led Him forth. And bearing His cross, He went forth to that place that is called Calvary but in Hebrew Golgotha, where they crucified Him and with Him two others, one on each side and Jesus in the midst. And Pilate wrote a title also and he put it upon the Cross and the writing was ‘Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews’… and it was written in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hebrew</span>, in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Greek</span>, and in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Latin</span>."</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><span style="font-size: 11.56px;">[<em>John 18</em>]</span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: large;">+<span style="font-size: x-large;"> +</span> +</span></strong></div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-20633099467853749742022-04-15T17:00:00.003+01:002022-04-15T17:06:09.173+01:00MAUNDY THURSDAY - "A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you...."<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong></strong></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Maundy Thursday</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret. <em>The Last Supper</em>. 1896.</td></tr>
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"And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 'This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first in the months of the year...on the tenth day of this month let every man take a lamb by their families and houses... and it shall be a lamb WITHOUT BLEMISH, a male, of one year...and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month and the whole multitude of the children of Israel shall sacrifice it in the evening. And they shall take of the blood thereof and put it upon both the side posts and on the upper door posts of the houses wherein they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh that night roasted at the fire and unleavened bread with wild lettuce... neither shall there remain any thing of it until morning. If there be anything left you shall burn it with fire. And thus shall you eat it: you shall gird your reins and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands and you shall eat in haste for it is the Phase (that is the Passage) of the Lord... And I shall see the blood and shall pass over you...and this day shall be for a memorial to you and you shall keep it a feast to the Lord in your generations with an everlasting observance'... And Moses said... 'Thou shalt keep this thing as a law for thee and thy children forever...and when your children shall say to you "What is the meaning of this service" you shall say to them "It is the victim of the passage of the Lord when He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians and saving our houses..."<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Exod 12</em>]</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" style="display: block; height: 280px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 448px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Paschal lamb without blemish is tied and led to slaughter</span><br />Scripture fittingly depicts the Christ as an innocent lamb led to the slaughter - the innocent "Lamb of God" sacrificed for the wicked sins of ungrateful and rebellious men, going dumb, innocent and in silence to torture and death at the hands of sinful men</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
"Now the feast of the unleavened bread which is called the Pasch was at hand...and when the hour was come He sat down and the twelve apostles with Him and He said to them 'With desire I have desired to eat this Pasch with you before I suffer, for I say to you that from this time I will not eat it till it be fulfilled in the Kingdom of God'... And taking bread He gave thanks, and brake and gave them saying 'This is my body which is given up for you. Do this for a commemoration of me'. In like manner the chalice also, after He had supped, saying 'This is the chalice, the new testament in my blood, which shall be shed for you'.<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22</em>]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">"On the night of that last supper,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Seated with His chosen band,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">He the paschal victim eating,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">First fulfils the Law's command.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Then as food to all His brethren</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Gives Himself with His own hand"</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Pange lingua gloriosi</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
<br />
"Before the festival day of the Pasch, Jesus knowing that His hour was come...having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them unto the end. And when supper was ended... He riseth from supper and..having taken a towel, girded Himself. After that, He putteth water into a basin and began to wash the feet of the disciples and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded...Then after He had washed their feet and taken His garments, being set down again, He said to them 'Know you what I have done to you? You call me Master and Lord. And you say well; for so I am. If then I being your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet."<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13</em>]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dirk van Baburen. <em>Christ washing the Disciples' feet</em>. 1616.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<em></em>
<em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13:34</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/l1BTWCpEFRQ" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<em>Ubi caritas et amor ubi Deus est. Congregavit nos in unum Christi amor. Exultemus et in ipso jucundemur. Timeamus et amemus Deum vivum. Et ex corde diligamus nos sincero.</em><br />
<em></em><br />
"Where charity and love are there is God. The love of Christ has gathered us together. Let us rejoice in Him and be glad. Let us fear and love the living God and let us love one another with a sincere heart."<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 2:3-4</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span><br />
<br /></div>
"And going out He went, according to His custom, to the Mount of Olives and His disciples also followed Him... and kneeling down He prayed saying 'Father, if Thou wilt, remove this chalice from me but not yet my will but Thine be done'...And He being in agony, He prayed the longer and His sweat became as drops of blood trickling down upon the ground."<br />
<div align="left">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22:39-44</em>]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bZUa7tqhELU" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<br />
<br />
ALEPH: How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow! She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em> 1:1, the beginning of <em>Tenebrae</em> (Matins & Lau) for Maundy Thursday]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" width="473" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow!" </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gustave Doré. <em>Lamentations</em>.1866</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Una hora non potuistis vigilare mecum, qui exhortabamini mori pro me?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Quid dormitis? Surgite et orate, ne intretis in tentationem.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
"Could you not watch one hour with me,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
After exhorting one another to die for Me?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Or do you not see Judas?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
He is not sleeping,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
but is hurrying to betray me.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Why do you sleep?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Rise and pray,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
that you may not enter into temptation!"</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Maundy Thursday Matins (<span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span>), Lesson viii Response]</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 500px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 375px;" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bartolome Esteban Murillo (1617-82). <span style="font-style: italic;">Christ in the Garden of Olives</span>.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;">+<span style="font-size: 180%;">+</span>+</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-43719898424562428042022-04-13T12:53:00.001+01:002022-04-13T12:53:13.347+01:00SPY WEDNESDAY: "thirty pieces of silver"<div align="center">
<span style="font-size: 20.8px;"><strong>"Then went one of the twelve who was called Judas Iscariot to the chief priests and said to them 'what will you give me to deliver Him unto you?'. And they appointed him thirty pieces of silver..."</strong></span></div>
<div align="center">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 20.8px;"></span></div>
<div align="left">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg/330px-The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="330" height="248" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg/330px-The_Taking_of_Christ-Caravaggio_(c.1602).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Caravaggio. <i>The Taking of Christ</i>. 1602.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div align="left">
<em><strong>Unus ex discipulis meus tradet ne hodie: Vae illi per quem tradar ego. Melius illi erat si natur non fuisset...Qui intingit mecum manum in paropside, hic me traditurus est in manus peccatorum.</strong></em></div>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
"One of my disciples shall today betray me. Woe to him by whom I am betrayed. Better for him that he had not been born...whoever shall dip his hand with me into the dish, by him shall I be betrayed into the hands of sin."</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Matt 16:23-25, Responsory 6 at Tenebrae on Maundy Thursday]</em></div>
<div align="left">
<br /></div>
<div align="left">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ox2dZHvl-7M" width="420"></iframe><br />
<em></em><br /></div>
<div align="left">
<br />
<em></em><br /></div>
<div align="left">
<em></em>"Then went one of the twelve who was called Judas Iscariot to the chief priests and said to them "what will you give me to deliver Him unto you?". And they appointed him thirty pieces of silver and from thenceforth he sought opportunity to betray Him."</div>
<div align="left">
<em>[Matt 26:14-16]</em></div>
<div align="left">
<br /></div>
<div align="left">
"Thus saith the Lord God 'tell the daughter of Sion, behold Thy Saviour cometh; behold His reward is with Him and His work before Him. Who is this that cometh from Edom with dyed garments from Bosra, this beautiful one in his robe, walking in greatness of strength?'"</div>
<div align="left">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Isaias 62:63]</em></div>
</div>
<div align="left">
"There is no beauty in Him, nor comeliness; and we have seen Him and there was no sightliness that we should be desirous of Him; despised and the most abject of men, a man of sorrows and despised, whereupon we esteemed Him not. Surely He hath borne our infirmities and carried our sorrows, and we have thought Him as it were a leper and as one struck by God and afflicted. But He was wounded for our iniquities, He was bruised for our sins; the chastisement of our peace was upon Him and by his bruises we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray, everyone hath turned aside into his own way and the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He was offered because it was His own will and he opened not His mouth: He shall be led as a sheep to the slaughter and shall be dumb as a lamb before his shearer, and He shall not open His mouth...He hath done no iniquity, neither was there deceit in His mouth...He hath delivered His soul unto death and was reputed with the wicked and hath borne the sins of many and hath prayed for the transgressors.</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<em>[Isaias 53:2]</em></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong>++</strong></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-83937679778711623492022-04-13T12:49:00.001+01:002022-04-13T12:55:49.071+01:00PALM SUNDAY: Pueri Hebraeorum portantes ramos olivarum...<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em>...Christ, the King of Kings, enters the Holy city of Jerusalem mounted on a donkey, on the first Palm Sunday</em></strong></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></i></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/ZeWFbYfv1UFRHyJRvkl70hUFVPs=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/palmsundaygetty-56a75e805f9b58b7d0e9b59a.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="700" height="488" src="https://www.learnreligions.com/thmb/ZeWFbYfv1UFRHyJRvkl70hUFVPs=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/palmsundaygetty-56a75e805f9b58b7d0e9b59a.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></i></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em></em></strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em> ...a</em></strong><strong><em>nd so begins H<span style="font-size: large;">OLY</span> WEEK, the <span style="font-size: large;">holiest week of the year</span></em></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
The great and ancient service on <span style="font-weight: bold;">Palm Sunday</span>
celebrates the entry of <b>our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST</b> into the city of Jerusalem, riding on a
donkey with its young colt or foal, signifying the Old and the New
Testaments, to be welcomed by His people as a <span style="font-weight: bold;">king, a priest, a prophet</span> and a saviour and as the very <span style="font-weight: bold;">Messias</span> and <b>King </b>whom they had been awaiting for centuries but, in a few short days, were to reject.<br />
<br />
<div align="left">
This entry of the humble Christ into the city was foretold and prophesied by the prophet, <span style="font-weight: bold;">Zechariah</span>:</div>
<div align="left">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">"Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">See, your king comes to you,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">righteous and having salvation,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">I will take away the chariots from Ephraim</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and the war-horses from Jerusalem,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and the battle bow will be broken.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">He will proclaim peace to the nations.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">His rule will extend from sea to sea</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">and from the River to the ends of the earth".</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>Zechariah 9:9-10)</i></span></div>
</div>
<div align="left">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/cf/21/8d/cf218dfc71dc78da15e529a815f668d6.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="800" height="346" src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/cf/21/8d/cf218dfc71dc78da15e529a815f668d6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Pedro de Orrente. </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-style: italic;">Christ's entry into Jerusalem</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">. c.1620</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
The <b>Palm Sunday service</b> is a particularly fine one, albeit lengthy.<br />
<br />
In the pre-1955 rite, which is far superior, more Biblical and very ancient, it takes 3 hours.<br />
<br />
The palms are blessed with many hymns, psalms, chants and prayers, and the people receive them, the choir singing <i>Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum</i>
(the children of Israel carrying olive branches), and there is a
short-form mass at the altar. <br />
<br />
The antiphons recall <strong>Noah and the Flood</strong> and <strong>Moses</strong> leading the children of Israel out of Egypt to the Promised Land.<br />
<br />
After this comes the <b>Procession out of the
Church</b>, singing psalms, and then back to the front portal of the Church
where we sing <i>Gloria, laus et honor, tibi sit, Rex Christe Redemptor - </i>"Glory, praise and honour be to thee, King Christ Redeemer!".<br />
<br />
At the door, <b>two cantors</b> have entered and the doors are shut. They sing in response to the <span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria laus</span>
and then <b>the Subdeacon</b>, outside, knocks on the door with the end of the
processional cross. The doors open, to signify the <strong>entrance of Christ
into Jerusalem</strong> and our entry into Heaven, and the procession moves back
into the church, singing an ancient chant, <i>Ingrediente Domino - </i>"Going in to the Lord..."<br />
<br />
Then the principal mass begins with many haunting and beautiful chants being sung, and then the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Passion according to St Matthew</span> in long form is sung, starting at the anointing of the feet of <span style="font-weight: bold;">Jesus</span> by <span style="font-weight: bold;">St Mary Magdalene</span> in the house of <span style="font-weight: bold;">Simon the Leper</span>.<br />
<br />
This is a fitting way to recall the beginning of <b>the Passion</b> when our Lord was welcomed as a king and prophet into the <span style="font-weight: bold;">holy city of Jerusalem</span> by His people who, only days later, were to betray Him unto their Roman enemies to torture and death.<br />
<br />
Soon many of those same Romans were to be converted whilst many of God's chosen rejected the very <span style="font-weight: bold;">Messias</span> whom they had been awaiting for so long.<br />
<br />
In
former times, the celebrating priest would, for the procession,<b> sit
upon a donkey</b> to which is attached its colt, as our Lord Himself so sat
on the original <strong>Palm Sunday</strong>.<br />
<br />
It is a remarkable fact
that <strong>every donkey</strong>, of the sort upon which our Lord rode, has, by nature,
marked upon its back, a <b>black cross</b> to signify the fact that, one day,
the Creator of heaven and earth would sit upon the back of this same
animal for His entry into the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Holy City of Jerusalem</span>, but one week before he would be led, in that came city, to death upon the Cross.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/35/57/d4/3557d4586c9f8294fd806f06ca133af6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="599" height="237" src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/35/57/d4/3557d4586c9f8294fd806f06ca133af6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The
black cross is clearly visible upon the back of every donkey so that
nature itself testifies to the role the donkey would play in carrying
the Creator of heaven and earth into the Holy City of Jerusalem on Palm
Sunday.</span></div>
<div align="left">
<br />
In former times, too, the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Roman Emperor</span> would lead the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Patriarch of Jerusalem</span>
on a donkey up to the church door as part of the ceremonies and as a
gesture of humility on his part. Sadly, the tradition later died out.<br />
<br />
This tradition was continued by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Russian Tsars</span>,
also, until the custom was suppressed by the modernising, "enlightened"
and very brutal dictator, <b>Tsar Peter I</b>, just as so much has been
throughtlessly suppressed in our own liturgy in the Latin West.<br />
<br />
It is a fitting imitation of the humility of <span style="font-weight: bold;">JESUS CHRIST</span> for the chief spiritual ruler to ride upon a donkey on this day, led
by the chief temporal ruler.<br />
<br />
Chesterton's poem captures the spirit
admirably.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">The Donkey</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">by G.K.Chesterton</span><br />
<br />
When fishes flew and forests walked<br />
And figs grew upon thorn,<br />
Some moment when the moon was blood<br />
Then surely I was born.<br />
<br />
With monstrous head and sickening cry<br />
And ears like errant wings,<br />
The devil's walking parody<br />
On all four-footed things.<br />
<br />
The tattered outlaw of the earth,<br />
Of ancient crooked will;<br />
Starve, scourge, deride me: I am dumb,<br />
I keep my secret still.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fools! For I also had my hour;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> One far fierce hour and sweet:</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">There was a shout about my ears,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> And palms before my feet.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
How
admirable, too, for God Himself to have chosen to be received into the
Holy City mounted upon a donkey, a stubborn, ill-featured, irrational
creature, so like man when in sin, but one marked from the beginning of
time to bear the Saviour Himself in solemn procession before the very
sinners whom God has chosen to redeem with His own blood.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Here is a recording of the antiphon <span style="font-style: italic;">Pueri Hebraeorum</span>,
psalms and chants sung during the procession of the cross and palms
(and, traditionally, with the priest sitting upon a donkey).<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9w-z5U1EHZU" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Ant. Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum, obviaverunt Domino, clamantes, et dicentes: Hosanna in excelsis.</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ant. The Hebrew children bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out, and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />Psalm 23 (24)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Domini est terra, et plenitudo eius, * orbis terrarum et universi qui habitant in eo.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quia ipse super maria fundavit eum, * et super flumina praeparavit eum.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite portas, principes vestras: † et elevamini, portae aeternales: * et introibit rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? † Dominus fortis et potens: * Dominus potens in praelio</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite portas, principes vestras: † et elevamini, portae aeternales: * et introibit rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus virtutum ipse est rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Domini est terra et quae replent eam, * orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Nam ipse super maria fundavit eum, * et super flumina firmavit eum.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite, portae, capita vestra, et attolite vos, fores antiquae, * ut ingrediatur rex gloriae!</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus fortis et potens, Dominus potens in praelio.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><em></em></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Attolite, portae, capita vestra, et attolite vos, fores antiquae, * ut ingrediatur rex gloriae!</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Quis est iste rex gloriae? * Dominus exercituum: ipse est rex gloriae.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" />[Repeat Antiphon]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof: the world and all they that dwell therein.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />For He hath founded it upon the seas: and hath prepared it upon the rivers.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Lift up your gates, O ye princes, and be ye lifted up, O eternal gates: and the King of Glory shall enter in.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Who is this King of Glory? The Lord who is strong and mighty: the Lord mighty in battle.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Lift up your gates, O ye princes, and be ye lifted up, O eternal gates: and the King of Glory shall enter in.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Who is this King of Glory? The Lord of hosts, he is the King of Glory.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Glory
be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. As it was in
the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Ant. Pueri Hebraeorum, portantes ramos olivarum, obviaverunt Domino, clamantes, et dicentes: Hosanna in excelsis.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ant. The children of the Hebrews bearing olive branches, went forth to meet the Lord, crying out, and saying, Hosanna in the highest.</span><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">+<span style="font-size: 180%;">+</span>+</span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
</div>
Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-26153805791955028622022-04-13T12:47:00.008+01:002022-04-13T12:47:54.673+01:00Holy Week Services in London, England<p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i> Holy Week Services</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>in</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>London, England</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>in the traditional rite</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>St Bede's Clapham Park</i></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="yj6qo" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"></div><p></p><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Palm Sunday</b></span></div><div style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>10th April<span> </span></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>10.45am</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Mass</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">XVII </span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Victoria :</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">St. Matthew Passion</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Credo </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">I</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Offertory Motet:</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Magnum Salutis</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Communion :</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Pater, si non potest, Isaac </span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Domine salvam</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"><i>Tonus Regalis</i></span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Ave Regina Caelorum,</span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">De la Rue</span></li></ul><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal;"><b></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Maundy Thursday - <i>Maundy Mass</i></b></span></div><div style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>14th April :</b> <span> </span></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>5.30pm</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal;"><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Byrd 3 part Mass</span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Christus Factus est, Anerio</span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #6b006d;"></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">Dextera Domini (Offertory)</span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Ave Verum, Byrd, </span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Tantum ergo, Palestrina</span></li></ul><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Good Friday - <i>Mass of the Pre-Sanctified</i></b></span></div><div style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>15th April : <span> </span></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>11.30am</b></span></div><ul style="list-style-type: disc; text-align: left;"><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Victoria: St. Matthew Passion</span></li><ul><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">O caput cruentatum, Hassler / Bach</span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Sorrowful mysteries Hymn</span></li></ul></ul><ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal;"></ul><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Holy Saturday - <i>Vigil Mass</i></b></div><div style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>16th April : <span> </span></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>3pm</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Sicut Cervus</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Missa Brevis, Palestrina</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Offertory, Christus Resurgens</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px;">Regina Caeli, Witt or Lehmann</span></li></ul><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Easter Sunday Mass </b></span></div><div style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>17th April : <span> </span></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>11am</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal;"><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">O quam Gloriosum Mass</span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Domine salvam (<i>2nd version)</i></span></li><li style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Regina Caeli Witt or Lehman</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook; font-size: medium;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook; font-size: medium;"><b><i>St Mary Moorfields, City of London</i></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook; font-size: medium;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Maundy Thursday - <i>Maundy Mass</i></b></span></div><div style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>14th April :</b> </span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>7.30pm</b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Good Friday - <i>Mass of the Pre-Sanctified</i></b></span></div><div style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>15th April : </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>6.00am</b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Holy Saturday - <i>Vigil Mass</i></b></div><div style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Century Schoolbook"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"><b>16th April : </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>6.00pm</b></span></div></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><br /></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Century Schoolbook;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-22262074315634216472022-02-21T12:19:00.006+00:002022-02-21T12:23:33.409+00:00"Professor" Empty Head pontificates on the Church...with quite extraordinary ignorance.<p>A bizarre, empty-headed, Feminist "professor" of Sociology (I say "professor" since she seems to know very little about anything) has posted this long, ignorant rant about the Church and about changing its doctrine (which is, of course, impossible). It unfortunately shows what sort of ill-instructed person can nowadays attain the title and position of "professor" despite knowing so very little.</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjic4cgKuIJn59e8YMDR5v4bYbDOPAxEw4O7hiuvrpvCIHwN2KsAfFcqaAsDGg7QHR1aMpEXbC6-Sfg9gRp2WqP0QLae9WTM5aBLTSdESeRUZON9d0nOBfYAUUo9uNDzswkCjFON7qf-SeNfx4ogQF52Xb62LmmOTHb-x2PIWvL4453a28VHyYDQbRksg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="238" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjic4cgKuIJn59e8YMDR5v4bYbDOPAxEw4O7hiuvrpvCIHwN2KsAfFcqaAsDGg7QHR1aMpEXbC6-Sfg9gRp2WqP0QLae9WTM5aBLTSdESeRUZON9d0nOBfYAUUo9uNDzswkCjFON7qf-SeNfx4ogQF52Xb62LmmOTHb-x2PIWvL4453a28VHyYDQbRksg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Professor" Melissa Wilde</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><a href="https://theconversation.com/the-catholic-church-resists-change-but-vatican-ii-shows-its-possible-102543" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Conversation - Professor Dimwit</span></a><p></p><p>I have responded as follows.<br /><br /><b>RESPONSE</b></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">A few corrections to your article.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“These include everything from reforming canon law to elevating nuns to the position of Cardinal”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /><br />No-one has seriously suggested nuns should be cardinals.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Speaking infallibly is an incredible burden, in no small part because a pope must do it alone. It has only been done once since papal infallibility was officially declared by the First Vatican Council in 1898. That was in 1950, when Pius XII declared the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary, that she was bodily assumed into heaven upon her death.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Total nonsense.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">First, the bishops in communion with the Pope, whether gathered in General Council, or spread round the world, when they teach consistently on a matter of faith and morals, definitively, also teach infallibly as Vatican II taught (see <i>Lumen Gentium</i> 25). This is called “the Ordinary Magisterium”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Second, the First Vatican Council was held from 1869-1870, not 1898 (look it up on the internet, lazybones!).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Third, papal infallibility has been taught since the very beginning of the Church (by the maxim “<i>Papa non potest errare</i>” – “the Pope cannot err” i.e. when teaching infallibly). All that Vatican I did was to re-affirm this solemnly.<br /><br /><i>Pastor Aeturnus</i> of Vatican I decreed that the Pope can teach infallibly in the following circumstances (again, look it up lazbones!):<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">“9. Therefore, faithfully adhering to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith…we teach and define as a divinely revealed dogma that when the Roman Pontiff speaks EX CATHEDRA, that is, when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church, he possesses, by the divine assistance promised to him in blessed Peter, that infallibility which the divine Redeemer willed his Church to enjoy in defining doctrine concerning faith or morals. Therefore, such definitions of the Roman Pontiff are of themselves, and not by the consent of the Church, irreformable.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">So, he teaches infallibly when:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">(1) in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">(2) in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">(3) he defines,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">(4) a doctrine concerning faith or morals,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">(5) to be held by the whole Church.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Who are you to say this has only happened once since Vatican I?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">You are simply nobody.<br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />In fact, the Popes have taught infallibly many times since Vatican I and in many encyclicals.<br /><br />Cardinal St John Henry Newman said that Bl Pope Pius IX had taught infallibly in his encyclical <i>Quanta Cura</i>. If a pope can teach in that encyclical infallibly then other popes can also do so in other encyclicals. So long as the criteria of <i>Pastor Aeturnus</i> are met, the Pope teaches infallibly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjblEfXkc3IcWueAE5Lg7TWIHyS4AJaijMGikZtIriFSibhuNyGxCUQXt6iM3OUihxabJ3XJECgGv0YCfbZMnMso-5N-VHxW2NkrKqebvEbLM7etVOz4FzzClCastCNQLkyXSYtD_kU0DkmARJl5iC3WUikfTGOreqLUhtt8rLehNufIabSEG8HOujOw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjblEfXkc3IcWueAE5Lg7TWIHyS4AJaijMGikZtIriFSibhuNyGxCUQXt6iM3OUihxabJ3XJECgGv0YCfbZMnMso-5N-VHxW2NkrKqebvEbLM7etVOz4FzzClCastCNQLkyXSYtD_kU0DkmARJl5iC3WUikfTGOreqLUhtt8rLehNufIabSEG8HOujOw=w358-h238" width="358" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St John Henry, Cardinal Newman</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"></span></div><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“In fact, only a pope can call a council, and he does not have to do so in concert with anyone else.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Utter rot.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">It was the prerogative of the Emperor to call a Council and, indeed, the first 8 Councils of the Church, for the first 1,000 years of the Church, were all called by the Emperor. Indeed, Nicea II was called by a woman, the Empress Irene.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“An ecumenical council, by definition, means a gathering of all of the leaders of the world church.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">No, it does not.<br /><br />It means a Council of all the Catholic bishops in communion with the Pope, called to advise the Pope on important matters usually of doctrine and discipline.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Prior to Vatican I, the church had not held a council since the Council of Trent in 1563”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Wrong.<br /><br />The Council of Trent was called in 1545. It only ended in 1563 (again, look it up!).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYmYOF-ZBlkpOX1wiRFqVKYE2h0RBv4VZxik6yfccCSyOB4VY16f3w8J6JP62PiHWUoWxPZLLcKKAFd4xo6usca85eRteY76HOlCw7Ean8_mHiPgyjCBO--qEWauXDZknztIEvC6COS502MyQ_XO_4rro3NqGGvLyD__mzzb81krMkOx65U8w6NfmXyQ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="430" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYmYOF-ZBlkpOX1wiRFqVKYE2h0RBv4VZxik6yfccCSyOB4VY16f3w8J6JP62PiHWUoWxPZLLcKKAFd4xo6usca85eRteY76HOlCw7Ean8_mHiPgyjCBO--qEWauXDZknztIEvC6COS502MyQ_XO_4rro3NqGGvLyD__mzzb81krMkOx65U8w6NfmXyQ=w464-h376" width="464" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Council of Trent, 1545-1563</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“When Pope John XXIII called the council in 1958, the world was surprised as were, by all accounts, the Vatican bureaucracy. The council created a “political opportunity” in the church for those who wanted to bring change.”</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Rubbish.<br /><br />Councils are called to re-affirm Catholic doctrines, not to change them (see <i>Lumen Gentium 25 </i>of Vatican II which expressly teaches against changes in doctrine).<br /><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“But when the opportunity came to change the church, they took it””</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /><br />Utter rot.<br /><br />The Fathers of Vatican II expressly said that they were re-affirming the Church’s doctrines, not changing them.<br /><br />Stop lying.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“The initial drafts of statements about church doctrine that the Curia prepared before the council, did nothing other than enumerating errors and reiterating current church doctrine. These, however, were rejected in a dramatic confrontation during the first days of the council.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">More nonsense.<br /><br />Current doctrines were not ever “rejected”. Not at the Council and not since. That is because they cannot be changed.<br /><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“As I demonstrate in my book on Vatican II, such progressive victories were a result of the efforts of a group of bishops who believed in the ‘doctrine of collegiality’.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Rubbish.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Attempting to change and subvert doctrine is not “progressive”, it is regressive, and is also the essence of heresy. Anyone attempting to do so is automatically excommunicate, according to both canon law and the Church’s teaching.<br /><br />That includes you, sunshine!<br /><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Approved at Vatican II, this doctrine states that the bishops convening together have the same authority to discuss, debate or change doctrine as the pope.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /><br />Utter rot.<br /><br />You will find no such teaching in the entire documents of Vatican II.<br /><br />It is a fantasy in your fevered and grossly egotistical imagination (and doubtless your book).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Thus, for example, bishops who carried historic animosities toward Protestant missionaries learned how important it was to improve those relationships.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">That is not a change in doctrine. It was a change of diplomacy and one that the Church had begun to practice long before Vatican II. The Church’s teachings about the errors of Protestantism are totally unchanged.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Among the noteworthy ones were those that changed the way the church worshipped. The altar, for example, was turned around to face the people. Mass was changed to be in the vernacular, no longer in Latin. And women no longer had to cover their hair in church.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Total and utter rot.<br /><br />None of these changes were approved by Vatican II, still less mandated, as any fool can discover simply by reading <i>Sacrosanctum Concilium, </i>the decree on the liturgy.<br /><br />Go and read it, lazybones! It is on the internet.<br /><br />Indeed, that decree <i>expressly </i>states:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">“36. 1. Particular law remaining in force, the use of the Latin language is to be preserved in the Latin rites.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">And there is not a word about “turning the altar around”. Not a single word.<br /><br />Neither is there a word about veils or hair-covering for women.<br /><br />You are simply lying your head off again.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Many of the bigger doctrinal changes were those that most Catholics were oblivious to, or knew about only in passing. The biggest of these was the Declaration of Religious Liberty.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">More total rot.<br /><br />First, DH is not taught infallibly, or even authoritatively. It is a statement of policy by the Council as to religious freedom in civil society in our times when most states are not Catholic.<br /><br />Paragraph 1 of DH teaches:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">“Religious freedom, in turn, which men demand as necessary to fulfil their duty to worship God, has to do with immunity from coercion in civil society. Therefore, it leaves untouched traditional Catholic doctrine on the moral duty of men and societies toward the true religion and toward the one Church of Christ.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Thus, the decree <i>expressly </i>states that there will be no change in doctrine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“By declaring that the only just form of government was one under which people were free to worship as they pleased, the church relinquished centuries-old preferential treatment for particular governments. Prior to the declaration, the church had benefited from governments that either repressed other religious organizations, or otherwise provided financial or legal support for the Catholic Church.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">This is the most colossally dishonest and mendacious statement you have made so far.<br /><br />You simply lie through your teeth, barefacedly.<br /><br />DH teaches nothing of the sort but, on the contrary, sets out conditions that <i>expressly </i>allow for the restriction of religious freedom in certain circumstances (see DH para 7).<br /><br />DH does not at all prevent the government of a Catholic country giving special favour to the Catholic religion, as the true religion, nor does it prevent such a government restricting other, non-Catholic religions, in certain circumstances.<br /><br />Indeed, the Church has taught – infallibly – that the idea of complete freedom of religion is not permissible in a Catholic state and one pope went so far as to describe it as <i>“deliramentum</i>” – insanity (Pope Gregory XVI in <i>Mirari Vos</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4vTSGZZfW36IDYwTmKD0klI-ZbKV-fTTaCrm7QK-c77fzJvc9Y0Qen63OZJGcrVEwj22Ai_SylZo24svU-DL41GOqMYTXOuwrt6IyXE-rRcQOhH-Trb5VvZ7eWyrUQbSvA7cb7ovrMzOPdXY6FVHnvKtyUETKSZKXYcSUbeWvjQXRI9EK5InFEV7HsA" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1264" data-original-width="1023" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4vTSGZZfW36IDYwTmKD0klI-ZbKV-fTTaCrm7QK-c77fzJvc9Y0Qen63OZJGcrVEwj22Ai_SylZo24svU-DL41GOqMYTXOuwrt6IyXE-rRcQOhH-Trb5VvZ7eWyrUQbSvA7cb7ovrMzOPdXY6FVHnvKtyUETKSZKXYcSUbeWvjQXRI9EK5InFEV7HsA=w275-h340" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">His Holiness Pope Gregory XVI</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“But today, the Catholic Church is facing a crisis: In many places of the world, mass attendance is down and a growing number of young Catholics are leaving the church.”</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">This is perhaps your first true statement. But you do not analyse why this is happening and yet, as a sociologist, this is right up your street and ought to be something you could provide a commentary upon.<br /><br />But you totally funk it! You fail in the very area you claim to be a professor! How useless!<br /><br />Instead, your stray into an area where you clearly have zero competence, namely theology, and, unsurprisingly, come up with ignorant, ill-conceived and ill-researched ideas that have nothing to do with Catholic doctrine and everything to do with your own over-inflated ego.<br /><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“…fewer and fewer men are willing to enter the priesthood. This trend, which began long before the clergy sex abuse scandal, is raising questions around whether the church needs to reconsider its insistence on a male, celibate priesthood.”<br /></span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br />Utter rot.<br /><br />The Church has no power to change its infallibly taught doctrine that the “matter” of the Sacrament of Ordination is a “baptised male”.<br /><br />That has been infallibly taught by the Ordinary Magisterium since the very beginning of the Church and so cannot ever change.<br /><br />It was re-affirmed – infallibly – by Pope St John Paul II in his Apostolic Letter <i>Ordinatio Sacerdotalis</i> of 22 May 1994.<br /><br />It is no good you telling us that you “don’t agree”. Whether YOU agree or not is of zero consequence. You are not the Magisterium. You are but one person and a very ignorant person at that.<br /><br />If Christ had wanted to ordain women, He could have said so. After all, plenty of pagan religions had women priestesses in Christ’s time. But He did not.<br /><br />If you don’t like it, then you had better have your argument with God.<br /><br />As to clerical celibacy, that is a discipline and married clergy are not forbidden. There are married clergy in the Eastern Church and in the Ordinariate already.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">What is forbidden theologically is for major clergy to marry.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">They may have a wife and be ordained but, once ordained, may not marry. That is the discipline and teaching of the Church, East and West. Even the Eastern Orthodox also teach this.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“And, of course, there are many other concerns that the church might want to engage with – for example, whether the 98 percent of practicing Catholics who use “artificial means” of contraception – meaning anything other than the rhythm method – are sinners.”</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">More total bilge.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">You have no proof whatsoever that 98% of Catholics use artificial contraception but, if they do, then they are undoubtedly sinners.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Not only has the Church taught since the very beginning that such artificial impeding of birth is gravely sinful but it was taught by the Old Testament Jews to be an “abomination”.<br /><br />It is also very unhealthy and damaging to women’s health.<br /><br />Moreover, it is wholly unnecessary. If, for serious reasons, births need to be spaced, then use of natural methods is not immoral since it is working with nature, and not against it. Such methods are, accordingly, entirely natural and healthy and do not damage women’s health by requiring them to take a potentially dangerous overdose of hormones or by requiring them to intrude pieces of metal or other objects into the womb with potentially serious consequences.<br /><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">“It seems possible to me that given the depth and breadth of the issues it is facing, the Church needs more than reflection. The Church, I would argue, needs change. It needs another council.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">What you mean is that the Church should stop obeying and imitating Christ and become more like you and heretics and neo-heathens like you.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Since the vocation of a Christian is to conform himself or herself to Christ, then you are embracing the very opposite – an anti-vocation – and thus are conforming yourself not to Christ but to Satan.<br /><br />Good luck with that. I hope you enjoy being with him eventually, for that is where you are heading.<br /><br />In fact, what is needed is for you to get over your pathological egotism and think about re-joining the human race.<br /><br />And you also need to stop lying.<br /><br />And how anyone who makes such colossal mistakes and blunders of fact could ever be a “professor of sociology” one can only guess at.<br /><br />But it will certainly have something to do with your being chosen for your political views and not for your knowledge (or abysmal lack of it).<br /><br />If you were chosen for your knowledge (or abysmal lack of it) you would fail miserably.<br /><br />Have a nice day, "professor".<br /><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjaiE7wv8lPB3tpW9Jabh3D8vZ0lWtubxIVaD0nk1rdnKahYpSBjWk3pWYI5JpmXA6Q0F4GqLPMWcbPyPWJzYlLCuqX9hgLRWyeTrmUoUNWFWaoEAFKqIU9cWVWaeKr0E35MWtKMeIZKv0beygQKaYS4o5Pdp02VthAgh0ndAm5asQEqzWLfb8KujqYKw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="263" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjaiE7wv8lPB3tpW9Jabh3D8vZ0lWtubxIVaD0nk1rdnKahYpSBjWk3pWYI5JpmXA6Q0F4GqLPMWcbPyPWJzYlLCuqX9hgLRWyeTrmUoUNWFWaoEAFKqIU9cWVWaeKr0E35MWtKMeIZKv0beygQKaYS4o5Pdp02VthAgh0ndAm5asQEqzWLfb8KujqYKw" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">+++</span></div><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;"><br /></span>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-27069380710440448222022-02-20T21:29:00.006+00:002022-02-20T21:29:29.090+00:00<p><span style="font-family: times;"><b>THE ANNIVERSARY OF ANDREAS HOFER - 20 FEBRUARY</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiilZ51XUzSM39XSMz5nUZJbG8xqOwrTABKSBriEPqT-ZVi1odqeYaNpiFv773Zdg9Ul6dWRDrtxpz9yUqoybXmxnNpN_R8Eg_v87Xh4VIqoAUVwEQ3yqXouqY0Rj0aBUlYX8ApNMq3oB4bZKsV8N9lPsY0jlRk7HZGu6WzQrEonFGIwONmZGn3C-aoiQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="650" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiilZ51XUzSM39XSMz5nUZJbG8xqOwrTABKSBriEPqT-ZVi1odqeYaNpiFv773Zdg9Ul6dWRDrtxpz9yUqoybXmxnNpN_R8Eg_v87Xh4VIqoAUVwEQ3yqXouqY0Rj0aBUlYX8ApNMq3oB4bZKsV8N9lPsY0jlRk7HZGu6WzQrEonFGIwONmZGn3C-aoiQ=w594-h420" width="594" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: times; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: times; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p>Remember the heroic stand of Andreas Hofer and his Tyroleans against the repressive hegemony and invasion of their lands by the evil monster, Napoleon Bonaparte. Today is the anniversary of his execution at Mantua following a show trial. Bonaparte gave an order "Hofer to be tried and then shot" - no need to wait and see if he was actually found guilty of anything! The devout Catholic Hofer, who dedicated his homeland to the Sacred Heart, is the national hero of the Tyrol and his monument stands on the Berg Isel outside Innsbruck with the words: "Fuer Gott, fuer Kaiser, fuer Vaterland" - "For God, for Caesar (the Emperor), for Homeland".</span><p></p>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-77432353503303152662021-12-31T13:23:00.006+00:002021-12-31T13:23:56.374+00:00Happy Christmas to everyone!<div align="center">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><strong><em><br /><br />Christmas 2021</em></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><strong><em></em></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><strong><em>O most Holy Night, all the earth being at peace...</em></strong></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.museumsyndicate.com/images/1/7267.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.museumsyndicate.com/images/1/7267.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 590px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 640px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 78%;">Sebastiano Conca. <em>Adoration of the Shepherds</em>. 1720.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">O Adonai,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">et Dux domus Israel, qui Moysi in igne flammae rubi apparuisti,</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">et ei in Sina legem dedisti: veni ad redimendum nos in brachio extento.</span><br />
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O Prince and Commander of the House of Israel, who appeared to Moses in the fire of the burning bush and gave him the law on Sinai: Come and redeem us with an outstretched arm.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">[Great O Antiphon for 18 December, sung before the Magnificat at Vespers]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Non auferetur sceptrum de Iuda, et dux de femore eius, donec veniat qui mittendus est: et ipse erit expectatio gentium</span><br />
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The royal sceptre shall not be taken away from Juda, nor a ruling prince from his loins, until He come that is to be sent, and He shall be the expectation of the nations.<br />
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Genesis 49:10, sung at Vespers of the Advent Office]</span></div>
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"And Joseph also went up from Galilee out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David, to be enrolled with Mary, his espoused wife, who was with child. And it came to pass, that when they were there, her days were accomplished that she should be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son and wrapped Him in swaddling clothes, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room in the Inn. And there were in the same country shepherds watching and keeping the night watches over their flock. And behold an Angel of the Lord stood by them and the brightness of God shone round about them, and they feared with a great fear. And the Angel said to them 'Fear not; for behold I bring you tidings of great joy that shall be to all people. For this day is born to you a Saviour who is Christ the Lord, in the city of David. And this shall be a sign unto you: you shall find the Infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger'. And suddenly there was with the Angel a multitude of the heavenly host, praising God and saying 'Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will.' "<br />
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Luke 2:4-14]<br />[The Gospel of the Nativity of Our Lord, the first Mass of Christmas at midnight]</span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">OCTAVO KALENDAS JANUARII</span><br />
The Eighth Day before the Calends of January, being<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">CHRISTMAS DAY</span><br />
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In the 5199th year of the creation of the world, from the time when God in the beginning created the heavens and the earth;<br />
<br />
the 2957th year after the flood;<br />
the 2015th year from the birth of Abraham;<br />
the 1510th year from Moses, and the giving forth of the people of Israel from Egypt;<br />
the 1032nd year from the anointing of King David;<br />
in the 65th week according to the prophesy of Daniel;<br />
in the 194th Olympiad;<br />
the 752nd year from the foundation of the City of Rome;<br />
the 42nd year of the rule of Octavian Augustus,<br />
<br />
all the earth being at peace,<br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">JESUS CHRIST</span></span><br />
<br />
the eternal God,<br />
and Son of the eternal Father,<br />
desirous to sanctify the world by His most merciful coming,<br />
being conceived by the Holy Spirit,<br />
nine months after His conception<br />
was born in Bethlehem of Judaea,<br />
MADE MAN OF THE VIRGIN MARY.<br />
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THE NATIVITY OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO THE FLESH.<br />
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<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Sung at Prime on Christmas Day from the Roman Martyrology]</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Puer natus est nobis,</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">et filius datus est nobis, cujus imperium super humerum ejus et vocabitur nomen ejus, magni consilii Angelus.</span><br />
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Unto us a child is born,<br />
a Son is given, and the government shall be upon His shoulder and His name shall be called Angel of great counsel."<br />
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Isaias 9:6]<br />[Introit of the third Mass of Christmas, during the daytime]</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Happy Christmas to all!</span></span></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-91254962841106734052021-09-12T21:06:00.045+01:002021-09-12T22:53:48.649+01:00REMEMBER 9/11 and THE HOLY NAME OF MARY! Remember the charge of the Polish cavalry at the Battle of Vienna 1683 and Count Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Muret 1213, the Feast of the Holy Name of Mary....<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nbzqJcelD_g/XXoaSj32LEI/AAAAAAAAAiY/UUHIdHa678AfkzeCZnxW7JmJgp5olt9NwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/OL%2Bof%2BCzechtokowa.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nbzqJcelD_g/XXoaSj32LEI/AAAAAAAAAiY/UUHIdHa678AfkzeCZnxW7JmJgp5olt9NwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/OL%2Bof%2BCzechtokowa.jpg" /></a></div>
Let us remember 9/11 and, in particular, 12 September, which is the <strong>Feast of the Holy Name of Mary</strong>.<br />
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It is the day that the cavalry of <strong>Poland</strong> and the <strong>Holy Roman Empire</strong> saved Christian Europe, aided by the <strong>Holy Mass </strong>and the <strong>Holy Rosary</strong>.<br />
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It is, perhaps, no accident that the 9/11 terrorists chose the first day of the <strong>Battle of Vienna</strong>, 11 September, to launch their now world-famous attacks on the <strong>World Trade Towers</strong> in New York City.<br />
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After the loss of the <strong>Holy Land</strong>, the <strong>Eastern Roman Empire </strong>and control of the Mediterranean, Christendom was in constant danger of being overwhelmed by the Muslim Ottoman Turks and the Protestant Reformation further weakened the defences.<br />
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Moreover, Catholic Christendom was fighting, now, on two fronts against both Muslim and Protestant and might, at any time, be swept away altogether.<br />
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Particular determination, tenacity and courage were now needed more than ever from the defenders of Christendom.<br />
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Fortunately, courage was not lacking.<br />
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In September 1529, after defeating the Hungarians at the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Battle of Mohacs</span>, the Ottoman Turks and their allies laid siege to Vienna – the famous <span style="font-weight: bold;">Siege of Vienna</span> of 1529.<br />
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After a tremendous struggle the Austrians, under the 70-year-old <span style="font-weight: bold;">Count Nicholas von Salm</span>, were finally victorious, although Salm himself was killed during the siege.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gRx96cOdYW8/XXobT1a6njI/AAAAAAAAAik/LDgjgbisqvs3X3GWvQFpLz9pcERdh0PEgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Count%2Bvon%2BSalm%2B-%2BSiege%2Bof%2BVienna%2B1529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="174" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gRx96cOdYW8/XXobT1a6njI/AAAAAAAAAik/LDgjgbisqvs3X3GWvQFpLz9pcERdh0PEgCEwYBhgL/s400/Count%2Bvon%2BSalm%2B-%2BSiege%2Bof%2BVienna%2B1529.jpg" width="261" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Statute in Vienna of Nicholas, Count of Salm,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">the posthumous victor against the Turkish Siege of Vienna of 1529</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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On <b>7 October 1571</b>, the Ottoman Turks had seized the opportunity to launch a vast fleet to conquer as much of Christendom as they could conquer.<br />
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Almost miraculously, they were defeated at the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Battle of Lepanto</span> by the combined Christian fleets under the command of <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grand Admiral Don John of Austria</span>, the illegitimate son of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Roman Emperor, Charles V</span>.<br />
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To these were added the prayers of Christendom since the pope, <b>Pope St P</b><span style="font-weight: bold;">ius V</span>, had ordered a Christendom-wide Rosary prayer campaign for victory.<br />
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<a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/anf-2015/01-jan/LLB/Article-BattleOfLepanto-DonJuan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/anf-2015/01-jan/LLB/Article-BattleOfLepanto-DonJuan.jpg" width="276" /></a></div>
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Moreover, a copy of the miraculous image of <span style="font-weight: bold;">our Lady of Guadalupe</span> sat in the cabin of Don John throughout the battle. The victory of Lepanto was commemorated by a new Feast, that of<span style="font-weight: bold;"> our Lady of Victory (or Victories) </span>which was later made universal and, later still, re-named the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Feast of our Lady of the Rosary</span>.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EYCDzlEnz_4/XXopkDJzQ1I/AAAAAAAAAjs/5D1CCLAyaD84Gb-1fNB9zYP4RGPskP11ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Battle%2Bof%2BLepanto.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="308" height="210" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EYCDzlEnz_4/XXopkDJzQ1I/AAAAAAAAAjs/5D1CCLAyaD84Gb-1fNB9zYP4RGPskP11ACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h210/Battle%2Bof%2BLepanto.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>The Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1570</b><br />
was won by the Christian fleet, commanded by Grand Admiral Don John of Austria, heavily outnumbered 3 to 1 by the Turkish Muslim fleet. The Feast of our Lady of Victories, later our Lady of the Holy Rosary, was instituted as a result by the Pope to commemorate this victory which, once again, narrowly saved Christendom from Turkish conquest.</span></td></tr>
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In 1716, <b>Pope Clement XI </b>inscribed the Feast of our Lady of the Holy Rosary on the universal calendar in gratitude for the victory gained by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Prince Eugene of Savoy</span>, commander of the Imperial forces of the Habsburg Roman Emperor, on 5 August at <b>Peterwardein</b> in Vojvodina, in Serbia.<br />
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Earlier, however, on <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">11 September 1683</span> – 9/11 no less – came the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Battle of Vienna</span> of 1683</span>, when <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">King Jan (John) III Sobieski </span>of Poland-Lithuania</span>, also accompanied by Christendom-wide praying of the Rosary, delivered Vienna and Christendom once again from the Muslim Ottoman Turks and protected the <b>Holy Roman Empire</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> of<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Emperor Leopold I</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>from imminent destruction.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8b/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Leopold_I.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8b/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Leopold_I.png" style="display: block; height: 397px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 300px;" width="483" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>His Imperial Majesty, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Holy Roman Empire, under this Habsburg emperor, was the main bastion of defence against the Turkish invasion which aimed to subdue the whole of Christendom. The Emperor had to face, also, revolts and rebellions from anti-Catholic, anti-Imperial, treacherous, Protestants and nationalists within his empire, whilst also trying to defend Europe from the Turkish invasion. </span></td></tr>
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After the victory of Sobieski over the Turks, <strong>Blessed Pope Innocent XI</strong>, extended the <strong>Feast of the Holy Name of Mary</strong> to the whole Church to be celebrated on 12 September in memory of the deliverance of Christendom. The feast was extended to the universal Church and assigned to the Sunday after the Nativity of Mary by a decree of 25 November 1683, or, if that was not possible, then it had to be kept on 12 September.</div>
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12 September had also been the day of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Battle of Muret</span> 1213, when <span style="font-weight: bold;">Count Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester</span> (father of the founder of the English parliament) and 700 knights had defeated the Albigensian army of some 50,000, whilst <b>St Dominic </b>and several of his<b> Friars Preachers (later Dominicans)</b> were praying the Rosary in the church of Muret.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Count Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester</b><br />
led an army of 700 knights, on 12 September 1213, from the town of Muret, to sally forth and defeat an army of 50,000 Albigensian heretics led by <b>King Pedro de Aragon</b>.<b> <br />St Dominic</b> and several of his<b> Friars Preachers</b> were praying <b>the Rosary</b> in the main church of <b>Muret</b> as the Crusaders defeated the Albigensians. King Pedro was slain and the Albigensian army fled in disarray.</td></tr>
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But 9/11 was the day that the battles began in each case.<br />
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The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Battle of Vienna</span> took place on 11 September and 12 September 1683, after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle broke the advance of the <b>Ottoman Empire</b> into Europe, and marked the political leadership of the <b>Habsburg dynasty</b> and the beginning of the end of the<b> Ottoman Muslim Empire</b>.The battle was won by Polish-Austrian-German forces led by<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Emperor Leopold I </span>and <span style="font-weight: bold;">King Jan III Sobieski </span>against the Ottoman Empire army commanded by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha.</span><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>King Jan III Sobieski</b> was also the grandfather of <b>Prince Charles Edward Stuart, "Bonnie Prince Charlie"</b>, who led the Jacobite uprising in Britain to restore his father, the rightful king, to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.<br />
<strong></strong><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WDZfDG2V_PE/YT50TCqhXuI/AAAAAAAAA9Q/1r006OqMr0I421K3cS0R6uUUBo9E5lP-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s988/800px-Schultz_John_III_Sobieski.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="988" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WDZfDG2V_PE/YT50TCqhXuI/AAAAAAAAA9Q/1r006OqMr0I421K3cS0R6uUUBo9E5lP-gCLcBGAsYHQ/w324-h400/800px-Schultz_John_III_Sobieski.jpg" width="324" /></a></div><div style="text-align: right;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>King Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland-Lithuania</b></div><div style="text-align: center;">His arrival at the Battle of Vienna with a huge Polish army turned the tide and, leading his Polish lancer-hussars, the <em>Husaria</em>, in a massive charge down the Kahlenberg mountain, together with Imperial cavalry, he utterly routed the Turkish army who fled believing they had been attacked by an "army of Djinns"!</div></span><div align="center"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
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The siege itself began on 14 July 1683 with an the Ottoman Empire army of approximately 138,000 men. The decisive battle took place on <b>12 September</b>, after the united relief army of 70,000 men had arrived, pitted against the Ottoman army.<br />
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The battle marked the turning point in the 300-year struggle between <span style="font-weight: bold;">Roman Christendom</span> and the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Ottoman Empire</span>.<br />
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<a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/00021338%20copy.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/00021338%20copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 347px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 580px;" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">The siege before the <b>Battle of Vienna</b> (1683)</span></div>
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The capture of the city of <b>Vienna</b> had long been a strategic aspiration of the Ottoman Empire.<br />
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The Ottoman Empire had even been providing military assistance to dissident Hungarians and to anti-Catholic minorities in Habsburg-occupied portions of Hungary. There, in the years preceding the siege, Ottoman-fomented unrest had become open rebellion upon Leopold I's pursuit of <b>Catholic Counter-Reformation principles</b>.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" height="326" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Grottger-Jan_III_Sobieski_i_Leopold_I_pod_Schwechat.jpg/800px-Grottger-Jan_III_Sobieski_i_Leopold_I_pod_Schwechat.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" width="640" /><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">King Jan Sobieski salutes the Roman Emperor Leopold I</span></div>
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In 1681, <b>Protestants and other anti-Habsburg</b> forces, led by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Imre Thököly</span>, were reinforced with a significant force from the Ottoman Muslims, who recognized Imre as <b>King of "Upper Hungary"</b>. This support went so far as explicitly promising the "Kingdom of Vienna" to the disloyal and treacherous Hungarians, if it fell into Ottoman hands.<br />
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In 1681 and 1682, clashes between the forces of Imre Thököly and the Habsburgs' military frontier forces intensified, which was used as a <em>casus belli </em>by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha </span>in convincing the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Sultan Mehmet IV </span>and his Divan, to allow the movement of the Ottoman Army.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Mehmet IV </span>authorized <span style="font-weight: bold;">Kara Mustafa Pasha</span> to operate as far as Győr and Komarom castles, both in northwestern Hungary, and to besiege them. The Ottoman Army was mobilized on 21 January 1682, and war was declared on 6 August 1682.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Sultan Mehmet IV</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">whose Turkish army invaded Europe, murdering, raping, maiming and enslaving wherever it went, </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">he ordered the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, to stand outside his palace, to surrender and be decapitated.</span></span></div>
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<strong>Sultan Mehmet IV</strong> sent the following declaration to <b>Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I </b>which left no doubt as to his intentions. It stated thus, <em>verbatim</em>:</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-style: italic;"><b>"We order You to await Us in Your residence city of Vienna so that We can decapitate you... (...) We will exterminate You and all Your followers... (...) Children and adults will be equally exposed to the most atrocious tortures before being finished off in the most ignominious way imaginable..."</b></span><br />
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There was thus no doubt as to what would be the consequences of a defeat for the Empire.<br />
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During the winter, the Habsburgs and Poland concluded a treaty in which Leopold would support Sobieski if the Turks attacked <b>Kraków</b>; in return, the Polish Army would come to the relief of <b>Vienna</b>, if attacked.<br />
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The King of Poland prepared a relief expedition to Vienna during the summer of 1683, honouring his obligations to the treaty. He went so far as to leave his own nation virtually undefended when departing from Kraków on <b>15 August, the Feast of the Assumption of our Lady</b>.<br />
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Sobieski covered this with a stern warning to <span style="font-weight: bold;">Imre Thököly</span>, the rebellious Hungarian Protestant leader, whom he threatened with severity if he tried to take advantage of the situation — which, nevertheless, the treacherous Thököly did.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://rodosto.hu/galleryimages/izmit/Thokoly-Imre-2211-.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://rodosto.hu/galleryimages/izmit/Thokoly-Imre-2211-.jpg" width="328" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Imre Thököly</span></strong><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">the treacherous Hungarian Protestant leader and rebel against his lawful Emperor,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">who sided with the invading Turks against Christendom, just for the sake of his petty ambitions and those of short-sighted Hungarian Protestant nationalists.</span></td></tr>
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The main Turkish army finally invested Vienna on 14 July.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-weight: bold;">Field Marshal Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg</span></strong>, leader of the remaining 11,000 troops and 5,000 citizens and volunteers, refused to capitulate.<br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Field Marshal Count Ernst Rudiger von Starhemberg,</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">commander of the Vienna garrison, loyal soldier of the Holy Empire and faithful son of the Church.</span></div>
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The Turks dug tunnels under the massive city walls to blow them up with explosives, using sapping mines.<br />
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The Ottoman siege cut virtually every means of food supply into Vienna, and the garrison and civilian volunteers suffered extreme casualties. Fatigue became such a problem that<b> </b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Count von Starhemberg</span> ordered any soldier found asleep on watch to be shot.<br />
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Increasingly desperate, the forces holding Vienna were on their last legs when in August, Imperial forces under <span style="font-weight: bold;">Charles, Duke of Lorraine</span>, defeated, at Bisamberg, 5 km northeast of Vienna, <strong>Imre Thököly</strong>, the treacherous and disloyal Protestant leader who sided with the Turks.<br />
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On 6 September 1683, the Poles crossed the Danube 30 km north west of Vienna at <strong>Tulln</strong>, to unite with the Imperial forces and additional troops from Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Franconia and Swabia who had answered the call for a <strong>Holy League</strong> that was supported by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Pope Innocent XI</span>.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://the-american-catholic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Pope-Innocent-XI-b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://the-american-catholic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Pope-Innocent-XI-b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Blessed Pope Innocent XI</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">who extended the Feast of the Holy Name of Mary to the universal Church</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">after the successful defence of Vienna and Europe from the Turkish invasion.</span></td></tr>
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The devious <span style="font-weight: bold;">King Louis XIV of France</span> declined to help and instead used the opportunity to attack cities in Alsace and other parts of southern Germany for his own personal advantage.<br />
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<b>Anyone who thinks King Louis XIV of France a good Catholic king really needs to think again. He might just as well have been an arch-enemy considering how he always betrayed his fellow Catholics, the Pope and the Holy Emperor.</b><br />
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During early September, the experienced 5,000 Turkish sappers repeatedly blew up large portions of the walls, the Burg bastion, the Löbel bastion and the Burg ravelin, in between creating gaps of about 12 m in width. The Austrians tried to counter by digging their own tunnels, to intercept the depositing of large amounts of gunpowder in subterranean caverns.<br />
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The Turks finally managed to occupy the Burg ravelin and the Nieder wall in that area on 8 September. Anticipating a breach in the city walls, the remaining Austrians prepared to fight in Vienna itself.<br />
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The relief army had to act quickly to save the city from the Turks and to prevent another long siege in case they would take it.<br />
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Despite the international composition of the Army and the short time of only six days in which to organise, an effective leadership structure was established.<br />
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This was largely the work of the extraordinary and holy Austrian Imperial Chaplain-General, <strong>Blessed Marco d'Aviano,</strong> Emperor Leopold's privy counsellor.<br />
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<a href="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/img/20030427_daviano.jpg"></a><img alt="" border="0" height="320" src="http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/img/20030427_daviano.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 200px;" width="160" /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Blessed Marco d'Aviano, OFMCap, Imperial Chaplain-General</strong>,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">the saintly spiritual leader of this defensive Crusade against the invading Turkish marauders.</span></div>
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The Holy League forces arrived on the <em style="font-weight: bold;">Kahlenberg</em><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>(bare hill) above Vienna, signalling their arrival with bonfires. In the early morning hours of <strong>12 September 1683</strong>, before the battle, <strong>King Jan</strong> personally served a <strong>Solemn High Mass, </strong>celebrated, of course, in the traditional Roman rite or <i>Usus Antiquior </i>of the Holy Roman Church.<br />
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Whilst the Turks hastily finished their mining work and sealed the tunnel to make the explosion more effective, the Austrian "moles" detected the cavern in the afternoon and one brave man entered and defused the mines just in time.<br />
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At the same time, the Polish infantry had launched a massive assault upon the Turkish right flank.<br />
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After 12 hours of fighting, Sobieski's Polish force held the high ground on the right. At about 5pm, after watching the ongoing infantry battle from the hills for the whole day, four cavalry groups, one of them <b>Imperial Austrian cavalry</b>, and the other <b>three Polish cavalry regiments</b>, totalling 20,000 men, including the famous <b><i>Husaria, </i>the winged Polish Lancer-Hussars</b>, charged down the hills - the largest cavalry charge in history thus far.<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xAKYICdbwA4" width="560"></iframe>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Blessed Marco d'Aviano OFMCap, Imperial Chaplain-General,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">preaches to, and inspires, the imperial troops before the battle. In this extract from the film, <i>The Day of the Siege (2012)</i>, actor, F Murray Abraham, raised as an Assyrian (Antiochene) Orthodox Christian in the USA, </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">plays the part of <b>Blessed Marco </b>very convincingly and passionately, capturing the spirit of those desperate times when Christendom was so much under siege from the invading Muslim Turkish armies of </span><b>Sultan Mehmed VI</b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. The clip ends with </span><b>King Jan III Sobieski</b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> leading his Polish cavalry into the charge down the </span><b>Kahlenberg</b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> to conquer the invaders.</span></span></div>
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The attack was led by <strong>the Polish King Jan III Sobieski</strong> himself in front of a spearhead of 3000 heavily wing-armoured <strong>Polish lancer-hussars</strong>.<br />
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This charge thoroughly broke the lines of the Ottoman troops. Seizing the initiative, <strong>Starhemberg</strong> led the Vienna garrison in sallying out of its defences to join the assault.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong><i>Husaria!</i></strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">The massive charge of the Polish winged lancer-hussars which terrified the Ottoman troops and decided the Battle of Vienna. The wings made a terrifying sound as the Polish hussars came charging down the mountainside.</span></div>
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In less than 3 hours after this massive cavalry attack, <b>the Christian Imperial forces</b> had won the battle, saved Vienna from capture and Europe from conquest, and had rescued Christendom from the invading and marauding Turks.<br />
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The terrified Turks considered that they had been attacked by "<b>an army of Djin</b>ns" or spirits!</div>
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One may recall the decisive charge of the <em>Rohirrim</em> from Tolkien's <em>Lord of the Rings</em>, to get a flavour of what it must have been like, <span style="font-weight: bold;">King Jan III Sobieski </span>leading his Polish hussars just as King Theoden led his Riders of Rohan.<br />
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After the battle, Sobieski paraphrased Julius Caesar's famous quote by saying "<strong>venimus, vidimus, Deus vicit</strong>" - "We came, we saw, God conquered".<br />
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Battle_of_Vienna_1683_11.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Battle_of_Vienna_1683_11.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Battle of Vienna, September 1683</span></div>
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The Turks lost about 15,000 men in the fighting, compared to approximately 4,000 for the <b>Habsburg-Polish forces</b>.<br />
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Though routed and in full retreat, the Turkish troops had found time to slaughter all their Austrian prisoners, with the exception of those few of the nobility whom they took with them for ransoming.<br />
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King Jan vividly described events in a letter to his wife a few days after the battle:<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-style: italic;"><b>“Ours are treasures unheard of ... tents, sheep, cattle and no small number of camels ... it is victory as nobody ever knew of, the enemy now completely ruined, everything lost for them. They must run for their sheer lives ... Commander Starhemberg hugged and kissed me and called me his saviour.”</b></span><br />
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The victory at Vienna set the stage for <span style="font-weight: bold;">Prince Eugene of Savoy's</span> reconquest of Hungary and the Balkans within the following years.<br />
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Long before that, the Turkish Sultan had disposed of his defeated commander. On 25 December 1683,<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Kara Mustafa Pasha </span>was executed in Belgrade by being throttled with a silken rope by the Sultan's <strong>Janissaries</strong>, his elite military force consisting of captured Christian children, enslaved and brought up Muslim.<br />
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However, it was the end for the <strong>Ottoman Empire</strong>. The Ottomans fought on for another 16 years but lost control of Hungary and Transylvania and capitulated finally by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Treaty of Karlowitz</span>.<br />
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Christendom was once again safe.<br />
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Because Sobieski had entrusted his kingdom to the protection of <strong>our Lady of Czestochowa</strong> before the battle, <strong>Blessed Pope Innocent XI</strong> commemorated his victory by extending the feast of the <strong>Holy Name of Mary</strong> to the universal Church.<br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.aussie-true-blue-recipes.com/images/Croissant.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 361px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 357px;" /><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Croissants signify the Turkish crescent being defeated (by being eaten!)</span></div>
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The Battle of Vienna was marked by culinary inventions:<br />
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1. The <strong>croissant</strong> was invented in Vienna to celebrate the defeat as a reference to the crescents on the Turkish flags.<br />
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2. The <strong>bagel </strong>was made as a gift to <strong>King Jan Sobieski</strong> to commemorate the victory, being fashioned in the form of a stirrup, to commemorate the victorious charge by the Polish cavalry.<br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plain-Bagel.jpg/250px-Plain-Bagel.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plain-Bagel.jpg/250px-Plain-Bagel.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 216px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 250px;" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Bagel, symbolising the Polish stirrup of the <i>Husaria</i></span></div>
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3. After the battle, the Austrians discovered many bags of coffee in the abandoned Turkish encampment. Using this captured stock, and enterprising Pole, <span style="font-weight: bold;">Franciszek Jerzy Kulczycki</span>,<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>opened the third coffee house in Europe and the first in Vienna, where, Kulczycki adding milk and honey to sweeten the bitter coffee, thereby invented the <strong>cappuccino</strong>, so named after <b>Blessed Marco d'Aviano</b> because of the Capuchin Chaplain-General's brown hood.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OYuWHgWKmus/XXojp9NoJKI/AAAAAAAAAjI/ZxhX6HC32sIdJNwEPtwHQ1HN30AXTfrgQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/cappuccino-small.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OYuWHgWKmus/XXojp9NoJKI/AAAAAAAAAjI/ZxhX6HC32sIdJNwEPtwHQ1HN30AXTfrgQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/cappuccino-small.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>The Capuccino or "Capuchin</b>",</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">named after Bl Marco d'Aviano, Imperial Chaplain-General, because of the brown hood he wore as a Capuchin friar (the Italian for Capuchin is "cappuccino")</span></div>
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<em style="font-weight: bold;">Our Lady of Czestochowa, pray for us!</em><br />
<em style="font-weight: bold;"><em style="font-weight: bold;">Holy Name of Mary, protect us!</em></em><br />
<strong><em>Blessed Pope Innocent XI, pray for us!</em></strong><br />
<em style="font-weight: bold;">Blessed Marco d'Aviano, pray for us!</em><br />
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<em style="font-weight: bold;">~~ " ~~</em></div><br /></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-45926303692458846962021-08-13T08:54:00.002+01:002021-08-13T08:54:27.958+01:00Irish nationalist republicans are the enemy of the Pope, the Church and the Irish people...<p>The below is an article by Padraig Og O Ruairc on <i>The Irish Story </i>web site which, although written from the nationalist republican viewpoint accurately records the historical opposition to nationalist republicanism by the Irish Catholic Church.</p><p>But it draws the wrong conclusions and thus defeats itself.</p><p>It concludes that the Church is the enemy.</p><p>Thus does it prove the very problem with nationalist republicanism: it leads directly to national apostacy.</p><p>It is the low and dark road to chaos, disorder, anarchy, division and death. In short, it is the low and dark road to Hell for Ireland.</p><p>And so it is proving.</p><p>Ireland is now neo-heathen Ireland.</p><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center;"> </span><a class="social-media-icon twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/TheIrishStory" style="background-image: url("images/twitter.png"); background-position: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #21759b; display: inline-block; font: inherit; height: 32px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: -1000px; transition: background-position 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline; width: 32px;">Twitter</a></p><header id="header" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; 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font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 36px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Pope is the enemy of Irish Republicanism and Irish independence” </h1><aside class="entry-meta" style="background: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); color: #cccccc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 4.35938px 6.98438px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="clear" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font: inherit; height: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: hidden; width: 0px;"></div></aside></header><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="at-above-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><h3 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By Padraig Og O Ruairc</span></em></h3><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16005" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_16005" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/prayers-at-mountjoy/" rel="attachment wp-att-16005" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-16005" height="152" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy-300x152.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy-300x152.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy-220x112.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy-400x203.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy-70x36.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/prayers-at-mountjoy.jpg 640w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-16005" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Republican women pray outside Mountjoy Gaol in 1920 before the execution of IRA prisoner Kevin Barry.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The official state commemoration marking the centenary of the <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2016/01/21/today-in-irish-history-the-first-dail-meets-and-the-soloheadbeg-ambush-21-january-1919/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Soloheadbeg Ambush</a> and the start of the War of Independence began with a Catholic mass celebrated by the Archbishop of Cashel Kieran O’Reilly.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Archbishop O’Reilly’s prominence at the commemoration was interesting given that when the ambush occurred his predecessors including Monsignor Ryan, the Parish Priest of Tipperary, denounced Soloheadbeg as a criminal act perpetrated by a gang of murders: – “God help poor Ireland if she follows this deed of blood. But let us give her the lead in our indignant denunciation of this crime against our Catholic civilization.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It has been claimed that the role of the Catholic Church in the Irish independence struggle has been overlooked.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The day after the Soloheadbeg commemoration another state ceremony was held in Dublin’s Mansion House to mark the centenary of the inaugural meeting of Dáil Éireann. This commemoration was criticized by Gabriel Doherty, a historian who lectures at University College Cork, because Doherty claimed that the Catholic Church had played an “important role” during the 1916 Rising that the important role of the church during the War of Independence is was being overlooked because of “the reaction against the Church in recent decades.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Doherty’s main argument was that ‘The Democratic Programme’ adopted by Dáil Éireann in 1919 contained sentiments that were “Catholic all over” but that the historians and politicians involved in the commemoration were ignorant of this.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Although Doherty acknowledged that Thomas Johnson the leader of the Irish Labor movement wrote the original draft, he claimed that “he [Johnson] wasn’t the author of the text which was endorsed by the Dáil”. Doherty suggested that the credit for the document should go to Seán T.O’Kelly a Sinn Féin T.D. who was allowed to edit the final draft of the document.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore Doherty suggested that the imprint of Catholic social teaching was evident in the document and warned that “Ignoring the role of faith in the fight for Irish freedom misrepresents the history of the struggle.” <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish Catholic</em> newspaper published Doherty’s comments on the front page of its 24<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> January issue under the headline “Call to honour Church’s key role in the fight for independence.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">David Quinn, leader of <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Iona Institute</em> and a former editor of <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish Catholic</em>, wrote a piece for the Sunday Times which was published on 27<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> January echoing Doherty’s claims that “the positive influence of the Church should not be overlooked” and stated that “Catholic clergy played a big part in 1916 and many of the rebels had a strong Catholic faith.” -However Quinn expanded on this by suggesting that there should be a stronger emphasis on “nationalism” in commemorations and that the struggle to set up an Irish Republic had a lot in common with “the impulse behind Brexit”.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These calls to celebrate the contribution that the Catholic Church allegedly made to the cause of Irish freedom come at a crucial juncture when Irish people are starting to give serious consideration as to how to commemorate the centenaries of the War of Independence. Doherty and Quinn’s calls for a focus on Catholicism in upcoming commemorations are reminiscent of a similar call by the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, Diarmaid Martin. Archbishop Martin wrote a piece in the <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Irish Times</em> published on the eve of the Centenary of the 1916 Rising which criticized the “clinically secular concept of the way 1916 will be marked” and claimed that the contribution Catholic priests made towards the Rising was being ignored.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[4]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">An effort is being made to re-write, or at least re-interpret the history of the Catholic Church during the 1916 Rising and War of independence to promote a more positive interpretation of the Catholic Church’s role in the struggle for Irish Independence. The purpose of this article is to examine the specific claims of Doherty, Quinn and Archbishop Martin before assessing the history of the Catholic Church’s attitude towards Irish Republicanism, and its role during the 1916 Rising and War of Independence.</p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Democratic Programme</h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure class="wp-caption alignright" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 377px;"><img alt="Image result for democratic programme ireland johnson" class="irc_mi" height="251" src="https://c2.thejournal.ie/media/2019/01/thomas-johnson-752x501.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="377" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomas Johnson, the labour leader who drafted the Democratic Programme of 1919.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Regarding Doherty’s claim that Sean T. O’Kelly was the author of the final draft of Democratic Programme of the First Dáil, It has always been known that Johnston a Socialist wrote the initial draft of the Democratic Programme and that O’Kelly watered down some of its stronger left-wing sentiments.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, the final draft adopted by the Dáil was still quite radical and left-wing in its ideology.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Johnston was present at the inaugural meeting of Dáil Éireann and was reported to have been so happy at witnessing the approval of the final draft that he wept tears of joy – so there can be little doubt that the core substance of Johnson’s socialism remained despite O’Kelly’s editing.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Contrary to suggestions that the Democratic Programme of 1919 was Catholic inspired, it was written by Thomas Johnson, a socialist born in Liverpool of Unitarian upbringing.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Suggestions that O’Kelly was more significant in writing the Democratic Programme than Johnson are tantamount to stating that J.K. Rowling’s editor was more responsible than she was in writing Harry Potter!</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rather than restoring O’Kelly, an Irish-Catholic, to his rightful place in history, Doherty’s interview with <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish Catholic</em> downplays the important role of Johnson, an English-born Protestant (Unitarian), and perpetuates an oversimplified history which associates Irish Republicanism with Catholicism. Doherty’s suggestion that modern day hostility to the Church in an increasingly secular Ireland has led to a cover-up of the Church’s “key role” in the struggle for Irish freedom is questionable.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church has a long record of opposing Irish Republicanism stretching back to the 1790’s and continuing throughout the 1916 Rising and War of Independence – the only “cover-up” was the one which decades later sought to gloss-over the Church’s collaboration with the British.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Concerning David Quinn’s claim that nationalism “was the dominant motive behind Irish independence” during the Irish revolution of 1913 -1923; I would suggest that the ideology of Irish Republicanism was the dominant motive behind the establishment of the Irish Republic.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a significant difference between the politics of ‘Catholic-Nationalism’ and ‘Irish-Republicanism’. It is remarkable that Quinn managed to write a lengthy article about the foundation of the Irish <span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Republic</span> without mentioning <span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Republicanism</span> once but he managed to cram numerous references to ‘Nationalism’ and Brexit into his article.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quinn’s analogy between the War of Independence and Brexit is unsound. It is not a valid comparison to equate Britain’s colonial project in Ireland which the Irish were forced to fight a war to exit, with the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union which the British public chose to enter, and later leave by the simple means of a referendum.</p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church and the British connection.</span></h2><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11676" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_11676" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2014/07/20/the-pattersons-an-irish-family-odyssey/battle-of-antrim/" rel="attachment wp-att-11676" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-11676" height="252" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-300x252.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-300x252.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-1024x862.jpg 1024w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-220x185.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-400x337.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-70x58.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-700x589.jpg 700w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim-900x758.jpg 900w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Battle-of-Antrim.jpg 1074w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-11676" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">A depiction of the Battle of Antrim 1798. The Church condemned the United Irishmen.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As far back as the <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/10/28/the-1798-rebellion-a-brief-overview/#.XGGsmKDgrIU" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">1798 rebellion</a> Catholic clergy in Ireland actively supported British rule. The clergy were appalled by the secularism of the United Irishmen’s leaders like Robert Emmet <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2014/02/27/robert-emmet-the-1803-proclamation-of-independence-and-the-ghost-of-1798/#.XGGsuqDgrIU" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">whose proclamation</a> called for the abolition of church tithes and the nationalization of all church property.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">John Troy, the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, denounced the United Irishmen as an anti-religious conspiracy whose aim was “To destroy the salutary influence of our clergy in this kingdom.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Meanwhile the British government helped to establish the Catholic Seminary at Maynooth College in 1795. In the words of Lord Russell : “Britain has tried to govern Ireland by force and conciliation and failed No other means are now open to us except those we are now using, namely, to govern Ireland through Rome.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church condemned both the United Irishmen of 1790s and the Fenians of the 1860s</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/03/07/the-fenians-an-overview/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">the Fenians</a> plotted an uprising in the 1860’s the church was amongst their staunchest opponents. The Fenian Proclamation of 1867 called for “the complete separation of church and state”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[8]</a> Cardinal Paul Cullen declared that the church would “wage an unrelenting war on the [Fenian] organization”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn9" name="_ednref9" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[9]</a>, while Bishop Moriarty of Kerry invoked: “God’s heaviest withering, blithing, blasting curse on these Fenian bastards… Hell is not hot enough, nor eternity long enough for such miscreant!!”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn10" name="_ednref10" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</a> Pope Pius IX issued a decree in 1870 condemning Fenianism as “… the enemy of the Church and the [British] State” effectively excommunicating all Catholic Fenians.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn11" name="_ednref11" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For the Catholic Church the key to battling Irish Republicanism with its inherent sedition, secularism and anti-Clericalism was control of the education system. The Fenian’s fiercest opponent, Archbishop Cullen, declared in the aftermath of the 1867 Rising: “This ought to convince the British Government that education without religion will promote revolution.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn12" name="_ednref12" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And indeed the Catholic Church was largely granted control over the education of Irish Catholics after 1831. In that year the British Government established the National Board of Education for Ireland and the Catholic Church gained control of the new National School system which they used to indoctrinate future generations with the tenets of the Catholic faith. While it was often alleged that Church education encouraged Irish militant Irish nationalism, the education that children in Catholic run National schools received was Catholic in religion, predominantly English in culture, and was actively hostile towards the Irish language.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cork IRA leader Tom Barry, recalled: <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“</em>The Jesuits taught us to rhyme off the names of the Kings of England but nothing of Wolfe Tone or 1798.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn13" name="_ednref13" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[13]</a> Where nationalist history was taught its was given a distinctly Catholic flavour. Dublin IRA volunteer Todd Andrews, was educated by at the Christian Brothers just before the 1916 Rising:</p><blockquote style="border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, "URW Bookman L", serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 30px 0px 60px; padding: 0px; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Contrary to an assertion often made, the Brothers did not deliberately indoctrinate their pupils with hostility to Britain. …We were taught much about the saints and scholars and … we heard rather less about Wolfe Tone and not much about the Fenians. It was a very simplistic history. … Fr Murphy had become a symbol of faith and fatherland. The fact that he was a rare almost unique example of clerical participation in the 1798 rebellion was never referred to; the general opposition of the Church to the rebellion was conveniently forgotten.”</p></blockquote><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The 1916 Rising</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5416" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_5416" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 220px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/05/04/thomas-clarke-treason-felony-convict-j464/220px-thomas_clarke_in-1916/" rel="attachment wp-att-5416" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-5416" height="226" sizes="(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/220px-Thomas_Clarke_in-1916.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/220px-Thomas_Clarke_in-1916.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/220px-Thomas_Clarke_in-1916-214x220.jpg 214w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/220px-Thomas_Clarke_in-1916-68x70.jpg 68w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="220" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-5416" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Tom Clarke in 1916. He refused to be reconciled with the Church before his execution.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The 1916 rising is often portrayed as an event steeped in Catholicism because its leader, Patrick Pearse, was a devout Catholic and the insurrection coincided with the Christian holiday of Easter. However the fact that many Protestant-Republicans, veteran Fenians, Suffragettes and Socialists were involved shows that the 1916 Rising was inspired more by radical political ideals than religion.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic hierarchy certainly did not view the Rising as a Catholic rebellion. Michael Kelly, the Irish-born Archbishop of Sidney denounced the 1916 Rising as “anti-Patriotic, irrational and wickedly irreligious.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn14" name="_ednref14" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[14]</a> Seven other Catholic bishops based in Ireland emphatically condemned the 1916 Rising.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn15" name="_ednref15" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[15]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Throughout Ireland Catholic priests condemned the insurrection and, at the British inquiry into the rebellion, Inspector Gelstone of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) testified </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit;">“Any of the priests who had Sinn Féin tendencies were young. The older priests and the parish priests spoke against the movement.</span><span style="font-style: italic;">” </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn16" name="_ednref16" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">16]</span></a></span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> The Vatican continually telegraphed the Irish bishops during the Rising urging them to use their influence to get the Republicans to surrender.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn17" name="_ednref17" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">That the leader of the Rising Patrick Pearse had a deep Catholic faith is not in doubt – but as the son of a Catholic-Irish mother and a Unitarian-English father who espoused Freethinking, Pearse’s own views on religion and its role in society were complex and nuanced.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn18" name="_ednref18" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">James Connolly espoused secularism in politics and stated that “Catholic, Protestant, Jew, Freethinker, Buddhist and Muslim will cooperate together … to abolish the capitalist system</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Pearse’s play “The Singer” set in Galway during the 1798 Rising was critical of the Church’s role in political matters. The character </span><i>Maolseachlainn</i><span style="font-style: inherit;"> tells the audience: “Some [priests] said there was irreligion in them [the rebels] and blasphemy against God. But I never saw it and I don’t believe it, but there are some [Catholic bishops] who would have us believe that God is on the side of the foreign oppressor.”</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn19" name="_ednref19" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[19]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Interestingly Pearse himself was later accused of blasphemy by a Jesuit for having declared that the grave of the Protestant-Republican Wolfe Tone, was “the holiest place in Ireland, Holier even than where Saint Patrick sleeps in Down.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn20" name="_ednref20" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[20]</a> Pearse understood the views of others and joked that: “The prospect of the children of [Belfast Protestant district] Sandy Row being taught to curse the Pope in Irish with a Belfast accent is rich and soul satisfying”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn21" name="_ednref21" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[21]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Another of the 1916 leaders James Connolly espoused secularism in politics and stated that “Catholic, Protestant, Jew, Freethinker, Buddhist and Muslim will cooperate together … to abolish the capitalist system [and build a Socialist-Republic]”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn22" name="_ednref22" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[22]</a> Connolly had continually condemned the interference of the Catholic Church in Irish politics and stated “the Church has always accepted the establishment … and denounced every revolutionary movement … yet allowed its priests to deliver speeches in eulogy of those movements a generation afterwards.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn23" name="_ednref23" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[23]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At least one of the republican leaders, Thomas Clarke, a Fenian veteran, went to his death without spiritual aid and in conflict with the Catholic Church. Hours before his execution a Catholic priest refused Clarke the sacraments of absolution and Communion unless he would first accept the church’s teaching that the rebellion had been wrong and sinful. Clarke’s wife who met both him and the priest immediately before the execution recalled Clarke telling her: “I told him [the priest] to clear out of my cell quickly… To say I was sorry would be a lie and I was not going to face my God with a lie on my tongue.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn24" name="_ednref24" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[24]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There is no doubt that the leaders of the Rising were Catholics who had a deep personal religious faith, but equally all of them were Irish Republicans who were opposed to the Catholic Church’s interference in political matters. All of the leaders of the 1916 Rising, with the sole exception of James Connolly, were members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood whose constitution (Article 18) supported the separation of Church and State – “In the Irish Republic there shall be no state religion but every citizen shall be free to worship God according to his conscience, and perfect freedom of worship shall be guaranteed as a right and not granted as a privilege.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn25" name="_ednref25" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[25]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The pluralism of the leaders of the 1916 Rising is also reflected in the 1916 Proclamation, which stated: “The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn26" name="_ednref26" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[26]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Following the 1916 Rising the IRB’s constitution was updated in 1918 with the insertion of another clause that guaranteed class equality: “There shall be no privileged persons, or classes, in the Irish Republic. All citizens shall equally enjoy equal rights therein.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn27" name="_ednref27" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[27]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When the War of Independence began in January 1919 many of the Sinn Féin TD’s elected to the First Dáil and several members of the IRA ambush party at Soloheadbeg were also members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood – their concept of a republic was one which embraced religious freedom and would not give the church a privileged status in a free Ireland.<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </em></p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church’s condemnation of Sinn Féin.</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-14752" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_14752" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/12/10/we-had-to-go-forward-the-mountjoy-hunger-strike-of-1917/photo-3/" rel="attachment wp-att-14752" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-14752" height="220" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-300x220.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-300x220.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-768x563.jpg 768w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-1024x751.jpg 1024w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-220x161.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-400x293.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-70x51.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Photo-3-700x513.jpg 700w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-14752" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Eamon de Valera celebrates his election victory in East Clare.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Throughout 1917 and early 1918 the Irish republican struggle was more political than military in nature as the newly reformed Sinn Féin party stood candidates in several by elections in 1917 before winning a landslide political victory in the 1918 General Election in Ireland [</span><i>Note: No, Sinn Fein secured less than 50% of the vote. But - thanks to some fancy gerrymandering - they did win a large majority of seats</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The East Clare By-Election of July 1917 was one of the first electoral contests facing Sinn Féin and their candidate, the 1916 Rising veteran Eamon de Valera, faced stern opposition from many of the local Catholic priests.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the leading anti-Republican Clerics in the county was Fr Michael Hayes, The Parish Priest of Feackle, who denounced Sinn Féin as having “a policy of socialism, bloodshed and anarchy which struck at the root of authority, peace and Christianity” and he condemned Sinn Féin for posing “a great danger to our country and our religion”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn28" name="_ednref28" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[28]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Many clerics were hostile to the rise of Sinn Féin in 1917-18, though the Church as a whole did not condemn the party.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A few of the younger priests in Clare did support de Valera, but the more senior Parish Priests were solidly behind de Valera’s opponent. The Catholic Bishop of Killaloe Dr. Fogarty steadfastly refused to comment on which candidate should be supported until after the result was announced when Bishop Fogarty swiftly broke his silence to announce he had voted for the winning candidate – de Valera!</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the Kilkenny City by-election of August 1917 Sinn Féin faced opposition from the Bishop Brownrigg of Ossary, who wrote to the press attacking Sinn Féin<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</em> The people ignored the Bishop, and the Sinn Féin candidate won by a landslide.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Following the series of Sinn Féin victories in the 1917 by-elections it was obvious that there was a groundswell of support for Sinn Féin and that many senior clergy were out of touch with their flock. In early 1918 the “<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2018/04/24/a-declaration-of-war-on-the-irish-people-the-conscription-crisis-of-1918/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Conscription Crisis</a>” forced Sinn Féin into a temporary political alliance with the Catholic Church and the Irish Parliamentary Party who all had a common platform in opposition to the extension of British military conscription to Ireland.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By December 1918 the Irish Parliamentary Party were a spent force throughout most of southern Ireland and it seemed likely that Sinn Féin were destined to sweep the electoral boards. It was a different story in Ulster however where the Irish Parliamentary Party still had a great deal of support and the Catholic Church in the north brokered an electoral pact between the two parties in an attempt to prevent conflict and guarantee their candidates did not split the Republican-Nationalist vote to the advantage of the unionists.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">By the time of Sinn Féin’s [</span><i>gerrymandered</i><span style="font-style: inherit;">] landslide [</span><i>no, they got less than 50% of the popular vote</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;"> victory in the </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2018/12/14/today-in-irish-history-december-14-1918-the-general-election-of-1918/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">1918 General Election</a><span style="font-style: inherit;"> in Ireland Catholic criticism of the party had become more muted but even after this there were still occasional outbursts of criticism from the clergy.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">In April 1919 Bishop Kelly of Ross condemned [</span><i>Countess but - hypocritically - republican</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">Constance Markievicz, Richard Corish and other Sinn Féin TD’s for expressing support for the Russian Revolution and declared that Irish Republicanism would lead to “devastation and destruction”. Bishop Kelly had a few weeks earlier, banned the saying of prayers in churches in his diocese for the Sinn Féin T.D. Pierce McCann who had died [</span><i>from the flu' epidemic</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">in an English prison.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn29" name="_ednref29" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[29]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </em></p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic clergy’s condemnation of the IRA during the War of Independence.</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11394" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_11394" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2014/05/17/never-lukewarm-seumas-robinsons-war-of-independence/ira-squad-tipperary-south/" rel="attachment wp-att-11394" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-11394" height="203" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-300x203.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-300x203.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-220x149.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-400x271.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-70x47.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-700x474.jpg 700w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south-900x610.jpg 900w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IRA-Squad-Tipperary-south.jpg 1000w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-11394" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">An IRA ‘Squad’ from South Tipperary. (Courtesy of the Irish Volunteer website).</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Whatever ambivalence the Catholic clergy showed towards the rise of Sinn Féin, they were unequivocal in their condemnation of political violence in pursuit of the Irish Republic in the years afterwards.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Sunday after the Soloheadbeg Ambush Cannon Ryan, the Parish priest of Tipperary, condemned the IRA as “murderers with blackened faces and blackened hearts who gave their victims no chance .<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn30" name="_ednref30" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[30]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fr Slattery of Soloheadbeg condemned the ambush as “a shocking criminal affair” whilst his colleague Fr Keogh condemned the attack as “ a frightful outrage … worse than the crimes of Bolshevik Russia”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn31" name="_ednref31" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[31]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic clergy were unequivocal in their condemnation of political violence in pursuit of the Irish Republic.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Another priest Fr Condon declared: <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘</em>No good cause would be served by such crimes which would bring on their country disgrace and on themselves the curse of God.’ One of the participants in the ambush, [</span><i>unrepentant IRA murderer, terrorist and heathen</i>]<i> </i><span style="font-style: inherit;">Dan Breen later stated “It’s a terrible pity that we didn’t shoot a few bishops!”</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn32" name="_ednref32" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[32]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Condemnation of the IRA’s military campaign by the clergy did not end with Soloheadbeg, it continued week after week for the next two years. Bishop Gaughran of Meath condemned the IRA as “criminals … as savage as the bushmen of the forest.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fr John Burke of Menlough, Galway ridiculed the IRA as “tin-pike soldiers who think they can beat England”. Fr Enright of Miltown Malbay, Clare denounced the IRA’s struggle as “absolute insanity” and proclaimed that “It is folly to make an attempt to overthrow the power of the British Government”. Bishop MacRory of Down and Connor stated that the IRA were “atheists and nihilists”.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fr Gleeson of Lohrra placed a “curse” on the IRA: “May the curse of Cain, the curse of the priest and the curse of God fall on these [IRA] murderers!”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn33" name="_ednref33" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[33]</a> Archbishop Gilmartin of Tuam also denounced the IRA as “murderers” and cursed men “…who must answer before the bar of divine justice”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn34" name="_ednref34" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[34]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Excommunication – denying IRA Volunteers the Sacraments and Christian burial.</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-14766" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_14766" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/12/13/the-burning-of-cork-december-11-12-1920/burningof_cork/" rel="attachment wp-att-14766" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-14766" height="190" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork-300x190.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork-300x190.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork-220x139.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork-400x253.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork-70x44.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Burningof_cork.jpg 600w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-14766" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">The ruins of Cork, December 12, 1920. Bishop Conlohan of Cork excommunicated IRA members after the city centre was burned by the Auxiliaries.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The clergy also used their spiritual authority to try and break the IRA’s resistance to British rule. On 11<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> December 1920 the IRA killed an RIC Auxiliary Cadet during an ambush in Cork City. That night members of the British forces retaliated by assassinating two IRA members and <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/12/13/the-burning-of-cork-december-11-12-1920/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">burning the centre of Cork</a>.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The following morning the Bishop Colahan of Cork, issued a pastoral decree, directed not at the British Forces, but against the I.R.A.. It declared that anyone taking part in an ambush was guilty of murder and would be excommunicated.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Given that the overwhelming majority of the IRA’s Volunteers were [</span><i>heathens and not</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">Catholics the bishop’s decree sparked outrage amongst republicans. A Sinn Féin member Cork City Corporation Councillor Ó Cuill attacked the Bishop saying; </span><em style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“</em><span style="font-style: inherit;">He stands now only where his people [the clergy] always stood – in the wrong.”</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">After the burning of Cork in December 1920, Bishop Colohan declared that anyone taking part in an IRA ambush was guilty of murder and would be excommunicated</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The threat of excommunication and the refusal of sacraments were also widely used by priests in an attempt to break the will of IRA prisoners in British custody. Todd Andrews remembered Catholic priests visiting the republican prisoners on hunger in Mountjoy using their religious and social position to try and force them to end a hunger strike: “I had a visit from the prison chaplain. … he warned me that I was wilfully endangering my life which was an immoral act totally forbidden by the Commandments. … The chaplain was doing the dirty work required by his British employers.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn35" name="_ednref35" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[35]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Not content with merely demoralizing republican prisoners in British custody the Catholic Church were also involved in incarcerating some of those involved in the Republican movement – For example; Maria Bowles a thirteen year old girl whose older brother Mick Bowles was the IRA Quartermaster of the Colgheen Company of the IRA in Cork was captured by the British Forces whilst trying to hide arms in January 1921.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Bowles’ punishment for her assistance to the IRA was imprisonment in a Magdalene Laundry run by the Catholic Church <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn36" name="_ednref36" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[36]</a>. Fortunately, Bowles' comrades managed to secure her transfer and eventual release. Given the Catholic Church’s record in the War of Independence and Civil War it is unsurprising that the republican newspaper </span><i>An Phoblacht</i><span style="font-style: inherit;"> was the only Irish newspaper in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s which openly condemned the exploitation of children in the Catholic Church’s institutions </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn37" name="_ednref37" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[37]</a> [<i>It did no such thing! Indeed, this would have been the supreme hypocrisy coming from an IRA newspaper that supported the IRA and its campaign of brutal murder and torture of children</i>].</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Another method used by the Catholic clergy in an attempt to undermine the republican struggle was the refusal to hold funeral services for IRA Volunteers killed by the British forces.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fr Andrew Nestor, the Parish Priest of Ennistymon in Clare, refused to allow the funeral of IRA Volunteer Michael Conway, who had been shot dead by the British Army, to enter his church<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn38" name="_ednref38" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[38]</a>. Likewise the Parish Priest of Murroe, a Fr Dwane, had initially refused to allow the burial in the local graveyard of two IRA Volunteers who had been killed by the British Army in May 1921 <a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn39" name="_ednref39" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[39]</a>. Throughout Ireland it was a common for the funerals of IRA Volunteers to be barred from entering Catholic churches on the orders of the clergy.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The month of December 1920 was key in the clergy’s attitude toward the IRA – that month two Catholic priests were killed by the British forces [</span><i>in fact they had been murdered by the IRA and then blamed upon British forces</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">and in the aftermath of these shocking murders condemnation of the IRA by the Church hierarchy either tailed off or became more nuanced in the final months of the war.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For example on 20<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> March 1921 Bishop Finegan in Cavan called for prayers for the IRA volunteers, IRA killed at Selton Hill in Leitrim and executed by the British in Dublin, whilst issuing a call condemning violence by both the British and IRA: ‘To be “shot while getting away” [the killing of IRA prisoners in British custody] and ambushing is murder. Ireland is not at war. Shooting of police and soldiers [by the IRA] is murder.’<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn40" name="_ednref40" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[40]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Spies, Informers & Priests – The Catholic Clergy and British Intelligence.</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6202" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_6202" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 277px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/09/03/ric-memorial/auxies-in-dublin-2/" rel="attachment wp-att-6202" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-6202" height="182" sizes="(max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/auxies-in-dublin.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/auxies-in-dublin.jpg 277w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/auxies-in-dublin-220x144.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/auxies-in-dublin-70x45.jpg 70w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="277" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-6202" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">RIC Auxiliaries, 1921.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the most important military aspects of the War of Independence was the ‘Intelligence War’ waged between the IRA and the British forces. During the conflict the British Forces regarded Catholic priests as a valuable asset and source of intelligence information:</p><blockquote style="border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, "URW Bookman L", serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 30px 0px 60px; padding: 0px; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The informer is throughout Ireland held in abhorrence. This feeling made it very difficult to obtain information during 1920 – 21, … the bulk of the people were our enemies … [however one] class which could be tapped [for intelligence information] were, the clergy who generally are safe in Ireland whatever their religion.”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn41" name="_ednref41" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[41]</a></p></blockquote><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Several priests acted as informers for British forces.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">One of the most notorious Catholic priests to become an informer during the conflict was Fr Hayes, the Parish Priest of Feakle in Clare. Thomas Tuohy a local IRA Volunteer recalled: “Fr. Hayes, a violent imperialist, strongly denounced the I.R.A. from the pulpit. He referred to us as a murder gang [</span><i>which, indeed, they were!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">, and declared that any information which he could get would be readily passed on to the British authorities and that he would not desist until the last of the IRA murderers was strung up by the neck. … for some time afterwards services at which he officiated were boycotted by his congregation.” </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn42" name="_ednref42" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[42]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The Parish Priest of Newmarket-On-Fergus, Cannon O’Dea gathered information for the British Army and had it communicated directly to Captain Kelly the Intelligence Officer for the British Army’s 6<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> Division. Fr Flatley the Parish Priest of Aughagower, Mayo also spied for the British [</span><i>meaning he reported criminal activity to the authorities as was his duty</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">but the local IRA leader Thomas Heavey was refused permission to execute him by IRA Headquarters [</span><i>for which, no doubt, he was much chagrined being a bloodthirsty terrorist and would-be priest-murderer</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn43" name="_ednref43" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[43]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Fr Collins, a Dominican priest in Tralee, wrote letters to the local RIC Inspector identifying a woman who attended mass at his church as a republican sympathizer. Her home was subsequently burned by the Black and Tans [</span><i>the Tans were often as bad as the IRA and no real soldiers</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn44" name="_ednref44" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[44]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Tim Kennedy the IRA Volunteer charged with executing the Dominican for spying refused to do so even though he had previously executed [</span><i>for which read "murdered"</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;"> two other spies. Kennedy’s comment in refusing was “I would submit myself to be put against the wall myself before I would do my ‘duty’ on a priest, no matter how bad he was”.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn45" name="_ednref45" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[45]</a><span style="font-style: inherit;"> The likelihood is, as the British suggested, many priests throughout Ireland were informers but very few of them were ever exposed by the IRA [</span><i>not exposed - just murdered by shooting!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </em></p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Father Michael O’Flanagan and Republican priests.</span></span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure class="wp-caption alignright" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><img alt="" height="478" src="https://www.sligoheritage.com/images/Fr.MlO%27Fl.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Fr Michael O’Flanagan.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">A very small minority of [</span><i>renegade, diabolical</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">priests actively supported the IRA, most notably Fr Michael Griffin who was murdered [</span><i>not so and never proven but note how murders by the IRA are called "executions" but "murders" if the security forces were suspected - yet more IRA/Sinn Fein rank hypocrisy</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">by members of the RIC Auxiliary Division in 1920, and also two Capuchin Friars – Fr Albert Bibby and Fr Dominic O’Connor who were both transferred out of Ireland as a punishment for their political activities.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The most prominent priest who supported the Republican struggle during the War of Independence was [</span><i>apostate and apologist for murder and terror</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;"> Fr Michael O’Flanagan from Roscommon.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">O’Flanagan, who was appointed Vice-President of Sinn Féin in 1917, was suspended from his priestly duties in 1918 because he canvassed for Sinn Féin in Cavan East by-election during which the local Bishop had called for the Irish Parliamentary Party to be elected unopposed.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">O’Flanagan saw his political activity as a strictly secular civic duty stating “It is true that I am a priest, but I was an Irishman for twenty-four years before I became a priest … and the duties [</span><i>how about your Christian duty to obey the laws and respect lawful authority, eh? Oh, somehow that doesn't matter any more. What rank hypocrisy!</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">that the law of nature placed on me the law of no religious institution … can take away from me”.</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn46" name="_ednref46" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[46]</a></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Father Michael O’Flanagan defied his bishops and served as vice President of Sinn Fein.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Throughout his life O’Flanagan was withering and unstinting in his criticism of the interference of Catholic bishops, priests and even the Pope in secular and political matters [</span><i>hardly surprising! Flanagan had long since ceased to be a true Catholic but had become an apostate supporters of murder, terror and destruction</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">. “The judgement of Irish bishops may be excellent in religious matters but they are usually wrong when it comes to politics” O’Flanagan declared that the Catholic Church as an institution was being used as a weapon “to bludgeon the Irish People into submission.” [</span><i>more lies - the people "bludgeoning" the Irish people was the IRA</i>].</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">He denounced “Maynooth Rule” in Ireland and declared that</p><blockquote style="border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, "URW Bookman L", serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 30px 0px 60px; padding: 0px; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Pope is the enemy of Irish republicanism and Irish Independence … England rules Ireland with the help of the Pope!”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn47" name="_ednref47" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[47]</a> “[Catholics] are not bound to follow the political leadership of the Pope and any Catholic who slavishly did so was unworthy of Irish citizenship and of the citizenship of any country save the Vatican State.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn48" name="_ednref48" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[48]</a></p></blockquote><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">O’Flanagan [</span><i>who was more Marxist Communist than Catholic</i>] <span style="font-style: inherit;">continually espoused Irish Republicanism and throughout the 1930s he remained in conflict with the Catholic hierarchy because he condemned </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/05/18/the-blueshirts-fascism-in-ireland/#.XLBQpNh7nIU" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Blueshirt-Fascism</a><span style="font-style: inherit;"> in Ireland, </span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2018/10/24/gods-battle-oduffys-irish-brigade-in-the-spanish-civil-war/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Francoism in Spain</a><span style="font-style: inherit;"> and Nazism in Europe whilst his superiors in the Catholic Church gave open support and active encouragement to all of these movements. [</span><i>Flanagan later wrote "</i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><i>I've been thinking
recently where the Catholic Church has failed. It seems to me we have omitted
the whole of Christ's teaching". He openly admits his hostility to the Catholic Church that had ordained him, fed him, housed him, clothed him and cared for him. Truly, he was a rank hypocrite and a true scoundrel.</i>]</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </p><figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-9694" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_9694" style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 5px; float: none; font: inherit; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 96%; padding: 10px 10px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2013/11/28/a-report-of-the-athlone-irish-civil-war-conference-23-november-2013/fs-troops-pray/" rel="attachment wp-att-9694" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-9694" height="223" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray-300x223.jpg" srcset="https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray-300x223.jpg 300w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray-220x163.jpg 220w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray-400x297.jpg 400w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray-70x52.jpg 70w, https://www.theirishstory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/fs-troops-pray.jpg 480w" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 98.5%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-9694" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">National Army troops pray during the Civil War.</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Although many lay-Catholics and a handful of younger Catholic clerics contributed to the Republican struggle during the Irish War of Independence there is no doubt that the overwhelming majority of the Catholic priests and especially the more senior ranks of the Catholic clergy were staunchly opposed to Irish Republicanism [</span><i>and rightly so!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">Any suggestion that the Church as an institution played a leading role in the fight for Irish freedom and that a modern secular society has conspired to cover up this ‘hidden history’ is farcical [</span><i>even more farcical is the claim that the Fenian bomb-throwers gained Irish freedom....on the contrary they held up Home rule for the whole 19th century!</i><span style="font-style: inherit;">]. Any suggestion that the centenary commemorations of the War of Independence should place emphasis on Catholicism or afford the Catholic Church a special status are absurd [</span><i>and the IRA must take the blame for the far more bloody Civil War when Irishman killed Irishman in large numbers</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">In past generations, the Catholic Church’s propagandists largely succeeded in creating the impression that Irish Republicanism was equivalent to Catholic-Nationalism [</span><i>yes! Too true! The reality is that Irish republicanism is a creature of murdering, terrorist revolution orchestrated by Marxist Communists</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="simplePullQuote right" style="background: url("../images/quote.png") left top no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(134, 134, 134); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(129, 129, 129) 7px 7px 8px 0px; float: right; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 6px; text-indent: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 200px;"><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Although many lay-Catholics and a handful of younger Catholic clerics contributed to the Republican struggle, the overwhelming majority of the Catholic clergy were staunchly opposed to Irish Republicanism.</span></p><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">By contrast many Irish-people remain unaware of the history of secularism, pluralism and support for the separation of Church and State within Irish Republicanism [</span><i>indeed so!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">. During the Centenary of the 1916 Rising the </span><em style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Irish Times</em><span style="font-style: inherit;"> journalist Ronan McGreevy in his analysis and critique of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic linked the leaders of the 1916 Rising with the distinctly Catholic state that emerged in southern Ireland after 1922.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">McGreevy stated “Survivors of the Easter Rising dominated the governance of independent Ireland … [which] developed a distinctly Catholic ethos … [that] contributed to a sense of alienation amongst Protestants”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn49" name="_ednref49" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[49]</a> The fact is that whilst many of the politicians who were in government in the Irish Free State in the 1920s and 1930s had participated in the 1916 Rising or War of Independence they had abandoned the fundamental ideology and secular ideals of Irish Republicanism by the time that they set about building a Catholic-Nationalist state in southern Ireland [</span><i>but it was not truly a Catholic state - it was a secularist state with a ritual nod toward Catholicism</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The ideological foundations and roots of the [</span><i>not even remotely</i><span style="font-style: inherit;">] conservative right-wing Catholic state that emerged in southern Ireland are not to be found in the ideology espoused by those who fought for a secular Republic in 1798, 1867 or between the years 1919 to 1923.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The foundations of the Catholic state that emerged in the 1920s were laid by the counter-revolutionaries on the pro-Treaty side of the Civil War who, with the support of the Catholic Church, took power in the Irish Free State in 1922. Indeed the Church was openly partisan in the Civil War, denying the sacraments to all anti-Treaty fighters and activists [</span><i>and rightly so!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">The leader of the Free State Government W.T. Cosgrave suggested that a “Theological Board” should be added as an addition to the upper house of the Dáil to ensure that the Irish government would not pass any legislation “contrary to the faith and morals [of the Catholic Church]”.<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn50" name="_ednref50" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[50]</a> [</span><i>wich proposal was roundly rejected because the Free Staters were more Fascist than Catholic. Fascism is just the Right Wing version of Communism</i>]. <span style="font-style: inherit;">Likewise Kevin O’Higgins the Free State Minister for Justice proudly boasted that he and his fellow pro-Treaty politicians in the </span><i>Cumann na Gaedheal </i><span style="font-style: inherit;">Party and the Free State Government “were the most conservative minded revolutionaries that ever put through a successful revolution.”</span><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn51" name="_ednref51" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[51]</a> [<i>which is not saying much since revolution is, by definition, anti-conservative</i>].</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">More than a century ago the socialist historian and Irish language activist William Patrick Ryan wrote; “<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The most brilliant thing ever done by Irish Catholic priests was the invention of the legend that they had always been on the side of the people.</em>”<a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_edn52" name="_ednref52" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[52]</a> [</span><i>Much more sinister was the IRA claim that it was on the side of the people!</i>].</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;">A century later there appears to be a renewed effort by an ailing Catholic Church to perpetuate this myth and rejuvenate itself through a revisionist project which is attempting to whitewash the Church’s pro-British past and draft an alternative narrative which would allow them to exploit the popularity of the 1916 centenary celebrations and the commemoration of the War of Independence. Anyone who misrepresents our history should be challenged at every opportunity regardless of whether their revisionism has a political or religious purpose [</span><i>particularly the greatest liars of all - Sinn Fein and the IRA!</i>]<span style="font-style: inherit;">.</span><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </em></p><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.62em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">References</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</a> <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Irish Examiner</em>, 20<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> January 2019.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), pp. 19</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a> <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish Catholic</em>, 24<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> January 2019.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[4]</a> Irish Times, 23<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">rd</span> December 2015</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</a> Maguire, W.A., <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Up In Arms – The 1798 Rebellion in Ireland</em>, (Belfast, 1998), p.75, Robert Emmett, Proclamation of the Irish Republic, (Dublin 1803).</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland, (Dublin, 2016), p. 18</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland, (Dublin, 2016), p. 19</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[8]</a> Fenian Proclomation of the Irish Republic, 1867.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref9" name="_edn9" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[9]</a> Kenna, Shane, Conspirators, (Cork, 2015) p. 18</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref10" name="_edn10" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</a> Norman, E.R., <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church and Ireland in the Age of Rebellion 1859– 73</em>, (Dublin, 1965),p.117.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref11" name="_edn11" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland, (Dublin, 2016), p. 89.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref12" name="_edn12" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</a> Norman, E.R., <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Catholic Church and Ireland in the Age of Rebellion 1859 – 73</em>, (Dublin, 1965),p. 96.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref13" name="_edn13" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[13]</a> Ryan, Meda, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tom Barry – IRA Freedom Fighter</em></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref14" name="_edn14" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[14]</a> Carroll, Denis, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They Have Fooled You Again: Michael O’Flanagan – Priest, Republican, Social Critic</em>, (Dublin, 2016), p.157.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref15" name="_edn15" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[15]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland</em>, (Dublin, 2016), p. 29.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref16" name="_edn16" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[16]</a> The Times, Sinn Féin Rebellion Handbook, 1916.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref17" name="_edn17" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland, (Dublin, 2016), p. 30.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref18" name="_edn18" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</a> O’Donnell, Ruan, 16 Lives – Patrick Pearse, (Dublin 2016), p. 18.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref19" name="_edn19" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[19]</a> Pearse, Patrick, ‘The Singer’ in <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Best of Pearse</em>, (Cork, 1967), p. 113.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref20" name="_edn20" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[20]</a> Rafferty, Oliver J., Violence, Politics and Catholicism in Ireland, (Dublin, 2016), p. 40.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref21" name="_edn21" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[21]</a> Augusteen, Joost, Patrick Pearse – The Making of a Revolutionary” (London, 2010),p. 233.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref22" name="_edn22" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[22]</a> James Connolly-Heron, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Words of James Connolly</em> (Dublin 1986), p. 56.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref23" name="_edn23" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[23]</a> James Connolly-Heron, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Words of James Connolly</em> (Dublin 1986), p. 51.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref24" name="_edn24" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[24]</a> Clarke, Kathleen, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Revolutionary Woman – My Fight for Ireland’s Freedom</em>, (Dublin 1997) p. 93.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref25" name="_edn25" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[25]</a> Constitution of the Irish Republican Brotherhood – 1910 edition. Bureau of Military History, CD8/3 p.3</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref26" name="_edn26" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[26]</a> It is important to note that in this instance all the children of the nation is a direct reference to children but an allegorical reference to different social and religious groupings in Ireland. Likewise when French Republicans sing La Marseilles – “enfants de la Patrie” does not refer literally to children but all French citizens.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref27" name="_edn27" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[27]</a> Constitution of the Irish Republican Brotherhood – 1918 edition. Bureau Military History, CD178/3/6 p.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref28" name="_edn28" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[28]</a> Ó Ruairc, Pádraig, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Blood On The Banner – The Republican Struggle in Clare</em>, (Cork, 2009).</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref29" name="_edn29" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[29]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), pp. 19 – 20.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref30" name="_edn30" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[30]</a> Marnane, Denis G. The 3<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">rd</span> Tipperary Brigade – A History of the Volunteers/IRA in South Tipperary 1913 -21, (Tipperary, 2018), p. 181.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref31" name="_edn31" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[31]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), pp.44.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref32" name="_edn32" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[32]</a> Marnane, Denis G. The 3<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">rd</span> Tipperary Brigade – A History of the Volunteers/IRA in South Tipperary 1913 -21, (Tipperary, 2018), p. 167.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref33" name="_edn33" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[33]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), pp. 26, 30, 47, 56, 58.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref34" name="_edn34" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[34]</a> P. Murray, Oracles of God, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Roman Catholic Church and Irish Politics, 1922–37</em> (Dublin 2000), p. 409.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref35" name="_edn35" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[35]</a> Andrews, C.S., <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dublin Made Me</em>, (Dublin, 2001), p. 152</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref36" name="_edn36" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[36]</a> NAUK, Colonial Office Papers, 904 / 168.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref37" name="_edn37" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[37]</a> Hanley, Brian, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The IRA 1926 – 1936</em>, (Dublin, 2002), p. 70.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref38" name="_edn38" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[38]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), p. 70.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref39" name="_edn39" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[39]</a> Toomey, Tom, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The War of Independence in Limerick</em>, (Limerick, 2011), p. 589. It was only when the local Protestant landowner Sir Charles Barrington offered to have the two republicans buried in his own family plot in a Protestant graveyard that Fr Dwane relented.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref40" name="_edn40" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[40]</a> Anglo Celt March 26 1921.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref41" name="_edn41" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[41]</a> <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Record of the Rebellion in Ireland</em></p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref42" name="_edn42" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[42]</a> Thomas Tuohy, BMH Statement, Irish Military Archives.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref43" name="_edn43" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[43]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), p. 72</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref44" name="_edn44" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[44]</a> Heffernan, Brian<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, Freedom and the Fifth Commandment – Catholic Priests and Political Violence in Ireland 1919 -1921</em>. (Manchester, 2014), p. 72.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref45" name="_edn45" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[45]</a> T Ryle Dwyer, Tans Terror and Troubles, Kerry’s Real Fighting Story 1912-1923, pp289, 299, 305-307</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref46" name="_edn46" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[46]</a> Carroll, Denis, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They Have Fooled You Again: Michael O’Flanagan – Priest, Republican, Social Critic</em>, (Dublin, 2016), p. 187.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref47" name="_edn47" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[47]</a> Carroll, Denis, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They Have Fooled You Again: Michael O’Flanagan – Priest, Republican, Social Critic</em>, (Dublin, 2016), pp 201 -3.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref48" name="_edn48" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[48]</a> Carroll, Denis, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They Have Fooled You Again: Michael O’Flanagan – Priest, Republican, Social Critic</em>, (Dublin, 2016), pp 244 -5.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref49" name="_edn49" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[49]</a> <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Revolution Papers</em> – Issue 1.</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref50" name="_edn50" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[50]</a> Laffan, Michael, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Judging W.T. Cosgrave</em>, (Dublin, 2014), p. 71. W.T. Cosgrave obviously passed on this subservient ideological view to his son Liam Cosgrave who as Taoiseach in 1974 voted to help defeat his own government’s bill to legalise contraception on the grounds that “I am an Irishman second, I am a Catholic first and I accept without qualification in all respects the teachings of the Catholic Church”</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref51" name="_edn51" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[51]</a> Terence de Vere White, “Kevin O’Higgins” (London 1948),</p><p style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2019/02/11/the-pope-is-the-enemy-of-irish-republicanism-and-irish-independence-should-we-commemorate-the-catholic-churchs-role-in-the-war-of-independence/#_ednref52" name="_edn52" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, margin 0.25s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">[52]</a> Ryan, W.P., The Pope’s Green Island, (London, 1912)</p></div></div></article></section></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-36214724484583361272021-08-09T20:51:00.007+01:002021-08-09T20:54:32.016+01:00The Feast Day of St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (St Edith Stein), holy and blessed martyr for the Faith...<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.carmelitaniscalzi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/santa_teresa_benedictina.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="200" height="269" src="https://www.carmelitaniscalzi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/santa_teresa_benedictina.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br />Today is the Feast Day of <b>St Teresa Benedicta of the Holy Cross</b> (St Edith Stein).<p></p><p>She is a most glorious martyr for the Holy Faith!</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b>Edith
Stein</b> (religious name <i>Sancta Teresia Benedicta a Cruce</i> OCD; also known as <b>Saint
Teresa Benedicta of the Cross or Saint Edith Stein</b> - 12 October 1891 to 9 August
1942) was a German Jewish philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a
Discalced Carmelite nun. She is canonized as a martyr and saint of the Catholic
Church, and she is one of six co-patron saints of Europe.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">She
was born into an observant Jewish family, but had become an agnostic by her
teenage years. Moved by the tragedies of World War I, in 1915 she took lessons
to become a nursing assistant and worked in an infectious diseases hospital.
After completing her doctoral thesis at the University of Freiburg in 1916, she
obtained an assistantship there.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">From
reading the life of the reformer of the Carmelite Order, <b>Saint Teresa of
Ávila</b>, Edith Stein was drawn to the Catholic faith. She was baptized on 1
January 1922 into the Catholic Church. At that point, she wanted to become a
Discalced Carmelite nun but was dissuaded by her spiritual mentor, the Abbot of
Beuron Archabbey. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">She then taught at a Catholic school of education in Speyer.
As a result of the requirement of an "Aryan certificate" for civil
servants promulgated by the Nazi government in April 1933 as part of its "Law
for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service", she had to quit her
teaching position.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://ocdssacramento.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Edith_Stein.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="252" height="350" src="https://ocdssacramento.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Edith_Stein.jpg" width="252" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">St Edith Stein as a young woman</span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">Edith
Stein was admitted as a postulant to the Discalced Carmelite monastery in
Cologne on 14 October, on the First Vespers of the feast of Saint Teresa of
Avila, and received the religious habit as a novice in April 1934, taking the
religious name <i>Teresia Benedicta a Cruce </i>(Teresia in remembrance of Saint
Teresa of Avila, Benedicta in honour of Saint Benedict of Nursia). She made her
temporary vows on 21 April 1935, and her perpetual vows on 21 April 1938.</span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">The
same year, <i>Teresia Benedicta a Cruce</i> and her sister Rosa, by then
also a convert and an extern (a tertiary of the Order, who would handle the
community's needs outside the monastery), were sent to the Carmelite monastery
in Echt, Netherlands, for their safety. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">In response to the pastoral letter from
the Dutch bishops on July 26, 1942, in which they picked up the treatment of
the Jews by the Nazis as a central theme, all baptized Catholics of Jewish
origin (according to police reports 244 people) were arrested by the Gestapo on
the following Sunday, 2 August 1942. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">They were sent to the Auschwitz
concentration camp, where they died in the gas chamber on 9 August 1942.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: times;">Among them was St Teresa Benedicta of the Holy Cross, a holy martyr for the Faith and for Christ.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Edith Stein was canonized by Pope John Paul II on
October 11, 1998, in Cologne Cathedral, Germany.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>Majorem hac dilectionem nemo habet, ut animam suam
ponat qui pro amicis suis...</i><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>"Greater love than this no-one hath but she lay down her life for her friends..."</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>John 15.13</b></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">+++</span></i></p>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-59453970947550857572021-07-20T20:33:00.002+01:002021-07-20T20:36:24.983+01:00TRADITIONIS CUSTODAE: Pope Francis declares war on the old rite...but only succeeds in alienating yet more people...<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/cartoons-s3/styles/product_detail_image/s3/2619-210305%20Pope%20Francis%20(Amorim)_EDIT.jpg?itok=6Cqu9UrI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="800" height="412" src="https://s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/cartoons-s3/styles/product_detail_image/s3/2619-210305%20Pope%20Francis%20(Amorim)_EDIT.jpg?itok=6Cqu9UrI" width="525" /></a></div><p></p><p>Well, we were warned!</p><p>And now it has come.</p><p>And it is every bit as silly, crass, badly-drafted and foolish as we were led to believe it would be.</p><p>But all that Pope Francis has succeeded in doing is alienating yet more people against him.</p><p>He is a classic tyrant - he rules not for the common good but solely for himself.</p><p>With this latest document he has strengthened the traditional movement by treating it so badly and winning the sympathy of millions for it.</p><p>But think of the consequences for himself - a pope who actually tries to destroy what the Church and the Holy Spirit have built up over 2,000 years.</p><p>What a perilous state he has put himself in!</p><p>He has incurred the "wrath of God" that St Pius V warned of in <i>Quo Primum</i> would be the fate of any and all who tried to tamper with the traditional Roman rite.</p><p>He will simply be more and more alienated from the Faithful and from the good.</p><p>Let us see what Hilary White has to say on the subject in this brilliant article...</p><p><a href="https://hilarywhite.substack.com/p/the-purge">Hilary White comments....</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>+<span style="font-size: medium;">+</span>+</b></p>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-78890337462968110042021-04-04T11:16:00.003+01:002021-04-04T11:16:36.473+01:00HAPPY EASTER - "I have seen the Lord!"<div align="center">
<strong><span style="font-size: 28.8px;">Happy Easter to all!</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 20.8px;">Christus surrexit,<br />sicut dixit,<br />alleluia!<br /><br />Christ is risen<br />as he said!<br />Alleluia!</span></strong></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/correggio-noli-me-tangere.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/correggio-noli-me-tangere.jpg" height="640" width="491" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Correggio. <em>Noli me tangere</em>. 1525</span></td></tr>
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"When the sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Salome, bought spices so that they might come and anoint Jesus...and on a sabbath morning they came to the sepulchre after sunrise...and looking up they saw that the stone was rolled back. Alleluia!"<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[Taverner, <em>Dum transisset sabbatum</em> from <em>Mark 16</em>, sung at the Easter Vigil mass of Holy Saturday night]</span></div>
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"The Angels said to her 'Woman, why are you weeping?'. She said to them 'Because they have taken away my Lord and I do not know where they have laid Him'. Saying this she turned round and saw Jesus standing but she did not know that it was Jesus. Supposing Him to be the gardener, she said to Him 'Sir, if you have carried Him away tell me where you have laid Him and I will take Him away'. And Jesus said to her 'Mary'. She turned and said to Him in Hebrew 'Rabboni!'".<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>John 20</em>]</span></div>
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"She went and said to the Disciples 'I have seen the Lord!' "<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>John 20.18</em>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">John Taverner (1490-1545). <span style="font-style: italic;">Dum Transisset Sabbatum</span>. Sung by the Tallis Scholars</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Dum transisset Sabbatum,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Maria Magdalene et Maria Jacobi et Salome</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">emerunt aromata ut venientes ungerent Jesum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Et valde mane una sabbatorum veniunt ad monumentum orto iam sole ut venientes ungerent Jesum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Alleluia.</span></div>
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And when the Sabbath was past,</div>
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Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Salome</div>
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had brought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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And very early in the morning, the first day of the week,</div>
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they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun that they might come and anoint him.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit.</div>
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Alleluia.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Dum Transisset Sabbatum</span> - taken from the Gospel of St Mark, Ch16]</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/The_Resurrection_by_Carl_Heinrich_Bloch%2C_1881.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="630" height="320" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/The_Resurrection_by_Carl_Heinrich_Bloch%2C_1881.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carl Heinrich Bloch. <i>The Resurrection.</i> 1881.</td></tr>
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<strong>Victimae paschali laudes<br />immolent Christiani<br />Agnus redemit oves:<br />Christus innocens Patri<br />Reconciliavit peccatores.<br />Mors et vita duello conflixere mirando,<br />Dux vitae mortuus, regnat vivus.<br />Dic nobis Maria, quid vidisti in via?<br />Sepulcrum Christi viventis,<br />Et gloriam vidi resurgentis:<br />Angelicos testes, sudarium et vestes.<br />Surrexit Christus spes mea:<br />Praecedet vos in Galilaeam.<br />Credendum est magis soli<br />Mariae veraci<br />Quam Judaeorum<br />Turbae fallaci.<br />Scimus Christum surrexisse<br />a mortuis vere:<br />Tu nobis, victor Rex, miserere.<br />Amen. Alleluia.</strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[Wipo of Burgundy, <em>Victimi Paschali Laudes</em>. 1040. Sung on Easter Sunday]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 28.8px;"><strong>Surrexit Christus hodie! Alleluia!</strong><br /><br />Christ is risen today! Alleluia!</span><br />
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<strong>+<span style="font-size: large;">+</span>+</strong><br />
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-69204194097546359732021-04-03T20:47:00.004+01:002021-04-03T20:47:48.904+01:00HOLY SATURDAY - "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, be converted unto the Lord thy God!"<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-size: large;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: large;">When the Lord was buried...</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ni0HbDzGGhU/UAC4MfowrfI/AAAAAAAAKEY/0-fb3copcgQ/s1600/jesus+9.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ni0HbDzGGhU/UAC4MfowrfI/AAAAAAAAKEY/0-fb3copcgQ/s1600/jesus+9.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Remember, Lord, what is come upon us: consider and behold our reproach. Our inheritance is turned unto aliens, our houses to strangers. We are become orphans without a father, our mothers are as widows...our fathers have sinned and are no more and we have borne their iniquities.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae </span>(Matins) of Holy Saturday, prayer of the prophet Jeremiah]</span></div>
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"I am counted among them that go down to the pit. I am become like a man without help free among the dead."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Responsory, <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins) of Holy Saturday]</span></div>
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"For when every commandment of the Law had been read by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of goats and calves and of goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people saying, this is the blood of the Testament which God hath enjoined upon you. The tabernacle also and all the vessels of the ministry in like manner he sprinkled with blood. And almost all things according to the Law are cleansed with blood and without shedding of blood there is no remission."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Heb. ix.</span>]</span></div>
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"When the Lord was buried they sealed the sepulchre rolling a stone before the mouth of the sepulchre and placed soldiers to guard Him."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Responsory, <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins) of Holy Saturday]</span></div>Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-49761202168584131842021-04-03T20:44:00.004+01:002021-04-03T20:45:29.935+01:00GOOD FRIDAY - "O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 28.8px; font-weight: bold;">Good Friday</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px; font-style: italic;">Quid ultra debui facere tibi, et non feci? Ego quidem plantavi te vineam meam speciosissimam: et tu facta es mihi nimis amara: aceto namque sitim meam potasti: et lancea perforasti latus Salvatori tuo.<br /><br />Ego dedi tibi sceptrum regale: et tu dedisti capiti meo spineam coronam.<br /><br />Popule meus, quid feci tibi? Aut in quo contristavi te? Responde mihi!</span></strong><br />
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<strong><em></em><br /></strong><span style="font-size: 20.8px;"><strong>"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!<br /><br />I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…<br /><br />O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"</strong></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.artilim.com/painting/t/tiziano/christ-crowned-with-thorns.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.artilim.com/painting/t/tiziano/christ-crowned-with-thorns.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 500px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 292px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Titian. <em>Christ Crowned with Thorns</em>. 1540.</span></div>
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"For he hath taken us and he will heal us: he will strike and he will cure us. He will revive after two days: on the third day he will raise us up and we shall live in his sight. We shall know and we shall follow on, that we know the Lord...for I desired mercy and not animal sacrifice and the knowledge of God more than holocausts."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Hosea 6</em>, First lesson sung at the Good Friday Service of the Mass of the Pre-sanctified]</span></div>
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"He had no form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the whole chastisement that made us whole and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter and like a sheep that is dumb before its shearers, he opened not his mouth."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Isaiah 53</em>, Epistle for Wednesday in Holy Week]</span></div>
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<a href="http://uploads0.wikipaintings.org/images/titian/ecce-homo-1560.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://uploads0.wikipaintings.org/images/titian/ecce-homo-1560.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 526px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 405px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Titian. <span style="font-style: italic;">Ecce Homo</span>. 1560.</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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"Jesus answered: ‘My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would certainly strive that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now my kingdom is not from hence’. Pilate therefore said to Him ‘Art Thou a King then?’ Jesus answered ‘Thou sayest that I am a King. For this I was born and for this I came into the world, that I should give testimony of the truth. Everyone that is of the truth heareth My voice…<br />
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…Then therefore Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him and the soldiers plaiting a Crown of Thorns, put it upon His head and they put upon Him a purple mantle and they came to Him and said ‘Hail King of the Jews!’ and they gave Him blows."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[John 18]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>CRUX
fidelis,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>inter
omnes<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>arbor
una nobilis;<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>nulla
talem silva profert,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>flore,
fronde, germine.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Dulce
lignum, dulci clavo,<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>dulce
pondus sustinens!</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">"FAITHFUL
Cross! Above all other,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">one
and only noble Tree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">None
in foliage, none in blossom,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">none
in fruit thy peers may be;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">sweetest
wood and sweetest iron!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sweetest
Weight is hung on thee!"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">[</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">From <i>Crux Fidelis</i> by St Thomas
Aquinas, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">]<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Regnavit a ligno Deus.</span></div>
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"God hath reigned from a tree."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"></span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[From <em>Vexilla Regis</em>, St Venantius Fortunatus, sung during the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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"What more ought I to have done for thee, that I have not done? I planted thee, indeed, My most beautiful vineyard and thou hast become exceeding bitter to Me, for in My thirst thou gavest Me vinegar to drink and with a lance thou pierced the side of thy Saviour!</div>
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… For thy sake I scourged Egypt with its first-born and thou didst deliver Me up to be scourged…</div>
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… I gave thee a royal sceptre and thou didst give My head a crown of thorns…</div>
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… I exalted thee with great strength and thou didst hang Me on the gibbet of the Cross…</div>
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O my people! What have I done to thee? Wherein have I offended thee? Answer me!"<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<span style="font-style: italic;">Improperia</span> or Reproaches of Christ to His people and to us all, from the Good Friday Service of the Passion]</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">O vos omnes, qui transitis per viam, attendite et videte si est dolor sicut dolor meus.</span></div>
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"O all ye that pass by the way, attend and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em>, sung at <span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span> (Matins and Lauds) on Maundy Thursday]</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.book530.com/paintingpic/0922e2/diego-velazquez-the-crucifixion.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 556px; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 364px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Diego Velázquez. <em>Christ Crucified</em>. c. 1632.</span></div>
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"And they took Jesus and led Him forth. And bearing His cross, He went forth to that place that is called Calvary but in Hebrew Golgotha, where they crucified Him and with Him two others, one on each side and Jesus in the midst. And Pilate wrote a title also and he put it upon the Cross and the writing was ‘Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews’… and it was written in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hebrew</span>, in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Greek</span>, and in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Latin</span>."</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.6px;"><span style="font-size: 11.56px;">[<em>John 18</em>]</span></span></div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1062692702190792942.post-91001093302452004522021-04-01T21:20:00.004+01:002021-04-01T21:20:52.293+01:00MAUNDY THURSDAY - "A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you...."<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><strong>Maundy Thursday</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret. <em>The Last Supper</em>. 1896.</td></tr>
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"And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 'This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first in the months of the year...on the tenth day of this month let every man take a lamb by their families and houses... and it shall be a lamb WITHOUT BLEMISH, a male, of one year...and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month and the whole multitude of the children of Israel shall sacrifice it in the evening. And they shall take of the blood thereof and put it upon both the side posts and on the upper door posts of the houses wherein they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh that night roasted at the fire and unleavened bread with wild lettuce... neither shall there remain any thing of it until morning. If there be anything left you shall burn it with fire. And thus shall you eat it: you shall gird your reins and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands and you shall eat in haste for it is the Phase (that is the Passage) of the Lord... And I shall see the blood and shall pass over you...and this day shall be for a memorial to you and you shall keep it a feast to the Lord in your generations with an everlasting observance'... And Moses said... 'Thou shalt keep this thing as a law for thee and thy children forever...and when your children shall say to you "What is the meaning of this service" you shall say to them "It is the victim of the passage of the Lord when He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians and saving our houses..."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Exod 12</em>]</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.jesuswalk.com/lamb/images/agnusdei_448x280.jpg" style="display: block; height: 280px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 448px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Paschal lamb without blemish is tied and led to slaughter</span><br />Scripture fittingly depicts the Christ as an innocent lamb led to the slaughter - the innocent "Lamb of God" sacrificed for the wicked sins of ungrateful and rebellious men, going dumb, innocent and in silence to torture and death at the hands of sinful men</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></td></tr>
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"Now the feast of the unleavened bread which is called the Pasch was at hand...and when the hour was come He sat down and the twelve apostles with Him and He said to them 'With desire I have desired to eat this Pasch with you before I suffer, for I say to you that from this time I will not eat it till it be fulfilled in the Kingdom of God'... And taking bread He gave thanks, and brake and gave them saying 'This is my body which is given up for you. Do this for a commemoration of me'. In like manner the chalice also, after He had supped, saying 'This is the chalice, the new testament in my blood, which shall be shed for you'.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22</em>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">"On the night of that last supper,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Seated with His chosen band,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">He the paschal victim eating,</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">First fulfils the Law's command.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Then as food to all His brethren</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Gives Himself with His own hand"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Pange lingua gloriosi</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
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"Before the festival day of the Pasch, Jesus knowing that His hour was come...having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them unto the end. And when supper was ended... He riseth from supper and..having taken a towel, girded Himself. After that, He putteth water into a basin and began to wash the feet of the disciples and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded...Then after He had washed their feet and taken His garments, being set down again, He said to them 'Know you what I have done to you? You call me Master and Lord. And you say well; for so I am. If then I being your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13</em>]</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://bibleartists.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/4a-christ-washing-disciples-feet-baburen-dirck-van.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dirk van Baburen. <em>Christ washing the Disciples' feet</em>. 1616.</td></tr>
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<em>Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos, dicit Dominus.</em><br />
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"A new commandment I give you that you love one another as I have loved you, saith the Lord."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 13:34</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span></div>
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<em>Ubi caritas et amor ubi Deus est. Congregavit nos in unum Christi amor. Exultemus et in ipso jucundemur. Timeamus et amemus Deum vivum. Et ex corde diligamus nos sincero.</em><br />
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"Where charity and love are there is God. The love of Christ has gathered us together. Let us rejoice in Him and be glad. Let us fear and love the living God and let us love one another with a sincere heart."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>John 2:3-4</em>, sung at the Maundy Mass]</span><br />
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"And going out He went, according to His custom, to the Mount of Olives and His disciples also followed Him... and kneeling down He prayed saying 'Father, if Thou wilt, remove this chalice from me but not yet my will but Thine be done'...And He being in agony, He prayed the longer and His sweat became as drops of blood trickling down upon the ground."<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Luke 22:39-44</em>]</span></div>
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ALEPH: How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow! She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[<em>Lamentations of Jeremiah</em> 1:1, the beginning of <em>Tenebrae</em> (Matins & Lau) for Maundy Thursday]</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://rhboulet.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dor-jeremiah3.jpg" width="473" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow!" </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gustave Doré. <em>Lamentations</em>.1866</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Una hora non potuistis vigilare mecum, qui exhortabamini mori pro me?</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis?</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Quid dormitis? Surgite et orate, ne intretis in tentationem.</span></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Vel Judam non videtis quomodo non dormit, sed festinat tradere me Judaeis</span></div>
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"Could you not watch one hour with me,</div>
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After exhorting one another to die for Me?</div>
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Or do you not see Judas?</div>
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He is not sleeping,</div>
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but is hurrying to betray me.</div>
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Why do you sleep?</div>
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Rise and pray,</div>
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that you may not enter into temptation!"</div>
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">[Maundy Thursday Matins (<span style="font-style: italic;">Tenebrae</span>), Lesson viii Response]</span></div>
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<a href="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/bartolome-esteban-murillo/christ-in-the-garden-of-olives.jpg%21Blog.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 500px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 375px;" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bartolome Esteban Murillo (1617-82). <span style="font-style: italic;">Christ in the Garden of Olives</span>.</span></div>
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Tribunushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17330137792269530812noreply@blogger.com0